북한 사회주의상업법의 성격변화: 평등분배제의 완전 폐지 = Changes in the nature of North Korea’s socialist commercial law: Complete abolition of the equal distribution system

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study compares the commercial law revised in 2004, after North Korea legalized the operation of general markets, and 2021, when marketization is progressing across economic operations, and reveals the changes resulting from the law revision and the characteristics of the 2021 law revision.
According to the study, the 2021 amendments to the Commercial Code are characterised by an intensive reform of the law, which can be broadly interpreted as an attempt to change its nature.
This is because the amendments removed the essence of socialist commerce and the final goal of fully realising the commodity supply system through the expansion of the state supply system. They also modified the operation of the commercial system to supply and sale instead of supply, and made sweeping changes, including a complete departure from the principle of equal distribution.
However, it is difficult to say that these amendments were aimed at fully introducing market functions into the operation of the commercial system, as they were accompanied by (1) new regulations on maintaining the essence of socialist commerce in the operation of commercial management, (2) the absence of a comprehensive market as a means of socialist commercial activities, and (3) the strengthening of measures to curb the growth of market functions, including the expansion of civil and criminal penalties.
Despite these measures by the authorities, there is a possibility that commercial law revisions will be carried out for reform purposes. This is because as commercial institutions carry out supply and sales in parallel, a competitive structure is formed between the state-run commercial network and the general market, and their interaction and competition can become a driving force for promoting market reform. Importantly, the ideological foundation that forms the basis of socialist commercial law has disappeared, including the deletion of the essence or final goal of socialist commerce and a complete departure from the equal distribution system.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김병욱, "탈북박사부부가 본 북한: 딜레마와 몸부림" 도서출판 매봉 2013
• 2 리기성, "주체의 사회주의 정치경제학의 법칙과 범주 1" 사회과학원출판사 1992
• 3 강정순, "조선말대사전 3" 사회과학원출판사 2017
• 4 사회과학원 언어학연구소, "조선말대사전" 과학백과사전출판사 2004
• 5 "자유아시아방송"
• 6 조선로동당 역사연구소, "우리 당의 선군시대 경제사상 해설" 조선로동당 출판사 2005
• 7 "연합뉴스"
• 8 박철민, "사회과학원 학보 3" 사회과학원출판사 2023
• 9 허인 ; 김두수, "북한의 입법체계 및 법제정비에 관한 연구" (41) : 2020
• 10 박찬홍, "북한의 시장화가 주민 의식에 미치는 영향: 시장제도의 전개, 시장 경험에 따른 주민 의식의 변화" 통일부 2016
• 11 김영희 ; 김병욱, "북한의 상업활동 변화와 2000년 이후 상업법 개정" 24 (24): 2016
• 12 전우현, "북한의 사회주의상업법상 수매사업 등의 분석: 북한의 상업법상, 수매사업, 사회급양사업, 유통사업 등에 관한 통일 대비연구" 23 (23): 2010
• 13 국가정보원, "북한법령집 下" 국가정보원 2024
• 14 국가정보원, "북한법령집 下" 국가정보원 2022
• 15 국가정보원, "북한법령집 上" 국가정보원 2022
• 16 국가정보원, "북한법령집 上" 국가정보원 2024
• 17 최상철, "북한 상업법 체계 연구" 1 : 2007
• 18 민기채, "북한 노후소득보장 제도 및 실태 연구" 국민연금공단 국민연금연구원 2017
• 19 전명순, "법률연구 1" 과학백과사전출판사 2020
• 20 "데일리NK"
• 21 "노동신문"
• 22 김일성, "김일성저작집 18" 조선로동당 출판사 1982
• 23 백과사전편찬위원회, "광명백과사전" 백과사전출판사 2010
• 24 사회과학원 언어학연구소, "과학백과사전 16권" 백과사전출판사 1983
• 25 김혜경, "경제연구 2" 과학백과사전출판사 2020
• 26 김영홍, "경제연구 2" 과학백과사전출판사 2020
• 27 홍민, "2022 북한 공식 시장 현황" 통일연구원 2022
• 28 장명봉, "2018 최신 북한법령집" 북한법 연구회 2018