新羅 下代 詩歌의 두 흐름에 대하여 = A Study of the Two Currents of Poetry at the Later Period of Shila

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The reqular description of the history of Korean literature begins with the later part of Shilla when it is possible to understand the literature in the light of literary genre. The system of the literature at that time consists of two main genres, Hyangga ( 鄕歌 ) and Hanshi( 漢詩 ).
The aim of the present paper is to compare the characteristics of the two literary genres, clarifying the literature on the whole at that period.
The contrustive features of the two genres include the followings:
1. Hyangga used the newly invented writing system which was designed to express Korean language with Chinese characters. But Hanshi utilized Chinese characters in their proper way, resulting the sentential structure quite different from Korean one. This is the main reason why Hanshi was excluded from Korean literary sphere in the past. This contrast is, however, understood as the difference between the spoken and the wirtten style of Korean language. For the latter case, the system of Ku′gyo˘l is very important device for that purpose.
2. Hyangga was sung like the primitive poems as folk songs, meanwhile Hanshi was never sung but always recited. This suggests that Hanshi represents the later form divided from the primitive synthetic art.
3. Hyangga expressed the group mind and the hope for escaping from the calamity. Of course, Hyangga is not thought to be lyrical in general. I admit it is religious-oriented lyrical in a way. But Hanshi contained individual emotion and spiritual enxiety. The poems written by Ch'oe Ch'i-won, the most prominent poet of Hanshi at that period and by other poets who studied abroad in Tang Dynasty manifest their own homesikness, loneliness, etc.
These features suggest that Hyangga manifests the former step and Hanshi the later one in the process of poetry development. But the two literary forms do .not constitute the dependence of effect on cause between them. While Hyangga grew spotaneously, Hanshi appeared as the result of literary culture was imported from China. But it is significant that Hanshi contributed to Korean lterature's heading for world literature for the first time.