KCI등재
Tudor 王朝期 救貧制度 形成過程에 關한 硏究 = On the Formulation of Poor Relief System in Tudor Dynasty
저자
林湖洙 (College of Humanties, Chungnam National University)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1982
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
001
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
137-154(18쪽)
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중단사유
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소장기관
On the formulation of relief system of the poor in Tudor Dynasty.
Poverty can be devided into three classes, namely social poverty, moral poverty and pauperism.
Before and during Tudor Dynasty, the relief of the poor meant pauperism. It is said that English poor law had influenced deeply upon posterity, unlike other country's poor law.
When we make researches on English poor laws in early times, we can know that English poor laws don't differ from other Country's Poor laws. In 16th century of Europe, the relief system of the poor was come into being at the same time.
It was connected closely with the collapse of Feudal system. In the middle age noblemen had many manors and the most of labourers of the times were employed by the owners of manors and at the same time they kept many servants to make provisions against personal strife each other.
During 16th century in England, the feudal system was collapsed and the centralization of the power of the state was realized by kings so they can control all the feudal servants. If the dispute arose among noblemen, could not be settled by strife, but they cannot help taking legal proceedings to the king's court. As noblemen need not to keep many servants, they discharged them in a large quantities. Untill the dis charged servants can supports themselves, various social problems came into being. Thomas More said most of burglars of that time on highways were the dismissed knights.
As the manufactured goods in middle age were made to order, notwithstanding good or bad times of trade workers didn't lose their possitions. As the world trade came into being about 16th century, woolen textile industry had sprung up, and according to the good or bad time of trade many workers get or lose their possitions. In addition to that, a large quantities of silver were brought from the new world, the price of commodities was exceedingly going up, and many poor men unemployed
had to go out on to streets to make begging.
The causes of appearance of poverty were the same in Europe, most of European
countries considered how to cope with the similar situation by the similar poor laws.
If we consider the causes of appearance of the poor men on a large scale in England, We can find that it originates from the enclo sure movement and the abolition of monasteries that was not occured in other European countries. Enclosure movement meant that the land owners enclosed the open field of tenants to make pastures of sheep, consequently the tenants were driven out from their arable land and had to go anywhere else. Until they found new arable land or new jobs in the Towns they had to wonder about and to make begging.
At that time the new state centralized powers had become rich and concerned greatly about the relief of the poors. Finally they thought that the relief of the poors is the responsibility of state.
Of course there were relief of the poors in middle age, but it was done by a individual person or by the name of churches. It was only charity to the poor men originated from Christianity. Such a way of charity originated in religion could not reduce the number of poormen. If it may go in the opposite directions, the poormen can live idle or help to have a lack of self-reliance. Accordingly true relief of the poors must be planed and be done by public body.
The first instance of the relief of the poors by nation was the statuate of labourers enacted in 134p. according to it all poors who cannot live on themselves must works for living at the rate of the wage provided by laws. If they don't obeyed to the terms, they must be punished. And yet there were no provisions for the poors who have no ability to work. The first law distinguished the poors who can work from the poor men who cannot work has the one enacted in 1388, it has not yet positive provisions for the impotent poors by nation but it leave the relief of them to the free charity of every parishioners.
It was in the reign of Tudor to know that only whipping the healthy beggars or placing them in rooms cannot attain the purpose for the relief of the poors It is necessary to give jobs to the healthy beggars and give charity to the impotent poors.
In the reign of king Henry 7th a law was enacted in 1530 and licences were given to the impotent beggars which were available in a fixed district. However the law enacted in 1536 prohibits to beg entirely and according to the fundamental rule, it was possible to enforce the relief of the poors by nation. Improvements were done repeatly for the relief of the poor and finally Elizabethan poor law was enacted in 1601 and it influenced very much on the future poor laws.
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