기후발자국과 작물 데이터베이스를 이용한 벼의 기후변화 영향 평가 = Impacts Assessment of Climate Change on Rice Using Climate Footprint and Crop Data Base
저자
최경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Choi ) ; 서보성 ( Bo Seong Seo ) ; 최우정 ( Woo Jung Choi ) ; 김한용 ( Han Yong Kim ) 연구자관계분석
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2020
작성언어
-주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
247-248(2쪽)
제공처
Over the last a century, agricultural sector has substantially been facing with various climate phenomena, possibly caused by global warming. In the Korean peninsula, atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and mean air temperature increased by 100ppm and by 1.5℃ respectively, during the past a century. Despite a great deal of efforts to clarify the impact of such a climate change on major crops across worldwide, there still remains crucial issues to be reevaluated which may come from the limitations of research facilities that we have long been employed in field trials. To date, the closed-or-enclosure facilities (e.g.,SPAR,Temperature Gradient Field Chambers, Open Top Field Chambers) and fully open air field facilities (e.g., Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment, Free Air Temperature Enhancement) have mostly employed for field trails to study on the responses of crops to climate change. The former usually displays good performances in environment control while shows some inevitable artefact effects that may disturb real response of crops to climate variables. The later has little artefact effects with system structure while shows a limitation in environment control performances that also could distort crop responses to climate variables. Here we present a breakthrough technology without both the artefacts and the environments control by employing climate footprint, and do some preliminary results. The technology is to absolutely evaluate the responses of rice crops to climate change by eliminating perfectly both the artefact effects and the limitations of environments control in fully open fields. To employ the technology, we have to establish a reliable crop data produced at the past enough (〉90~100 years ago) and a historical climate footprint data. In this study, we established crop data base (DB) of rice cultivar ‘Tamanishiki’(Oryza sativa, so-called Damagum in Korea), which had widely been grown across the Korean peninsula, and agronomic practices in 1920s at the Japanese Government-General Korea. Based on the agronomic practices, rice plants were hand-transplanted with row and hill space of 26cm and 23cm (5 seedlings/hill), respectively, in paddy in 2017-2019 seasons. Consequently, the rice crops were grown under the 1.5℃ warmer and 100ppm higher CO<sub>2</sub> conditions than those of a century ago.
There were two levels of nitrogen (N) plots (no fertilizer and 7.5kg N/10a). At crop maturity, total 9 hills were harvest from each N plot with 3 replications, and key yield parameters were investigated after sun dry for 6 days and compared to corresponding data observed at 1920s. However, we present data only observed in 2019 season among three seasons (2017-2019) due to a limitation of comparable data to that observed at 1920s. Furthermore, we observed severe lodging in both N plots over the three seasons even in typhoon-free seasons, but not in the rice crop DB at 1920s. Hence, we prevented the rice lodging with setting a durable string in every other rows in 2019 season, in order to ensure a comparable data to those under lodging-free conditions.
Overall, yield and its parameters of rice cultivar 'Tamanishiki’ were greater in 2019 than those in 1920s. The magnitudes of increases in these parameters were overwhelmingly greater in fertilizer-free plot than in 7.5kgN/10a plot, ranging 128% (grain: 220kg/10a in 1920s vs 531kg/10a in 2019) to 141% (brown rice: 182kg/10a vs 4l5kg/10a)) in no fertilizer plot and 68% (brown rice yield: 325kg/10a vs 546kg/10a) to 72% (grain yield:389kg/10a vs 669kg/10a) in 7.5kg N/10a plot. This was likely due in part to the rice straw incorporated into no fertilizer paddy in 2019 but not in 1920s. However, unit volume weights of grain and brown rice were similar between 1920s and 2019,possibly indicating that the moderate increases in air temperature (+1.5℃) and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (+100ppm) could not have the potential to alter the grain filling of rice crops. The results suggest that, in addition to elevating atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, a moderate rise in air temperature could stimulate rice productivity in Korea, and that the package of the climate footprint and crop DB observed at the past enough are likely to be a new platform technology to assess the real responses of major crops to climate change. To make it widely adoptable technology, however, further reliable data through intensive field trials should still be accumulated over multiple cropping seasons, paying attention to clarification of the mechanisms for lodging of the DB rice cultivar examined under current climate conditions.
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