독일에너지전환정책과 비용 및 효과분석에 관한 연구 = A Study on German Energy Transformation Policy and Cost as well as Effect Analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The average of energy independent ratio of the 28 EU member nations in 2017 was around 50 percent. The reason why such a low independency is based on difference of each nation's energy dependency. Germany as the largest economy in the EU has only a bundent coal resources. Given the IEA statistics, German energy independency accounts only for 37 percent including nuclear powers. It is much lower than the average of the EU's energy independency. Since the 1980s Germany has been keen to develop renewable energy resources due to the environmental problems. As a result, Germany could produce 33.1 percent of electricity with renewable resources in 2017 and plan to increase upto 35 percent in 2020.
Furthermore, German government targets to produce 80 percent of electricity with renewable energy resources in 2050. Accordingly Germany sets its energy policy to become a global leader in the renewable energy sector in order to protect global climate change. This paper aims to analyze cost for energy transformation policy that is the key for energy development policy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2017년 유럽연합 (EU) 28개 회원국의 평균 에너지자립도는 약 50%에 불과하다. 이는 각회원국 별 에너지자립도가 매우 상이하기 때문이다. 유럽연합 회원국 중 최대경제국인 독일은 에너지자원 중 풍부한 석탄자원이외에는 화석에너지자원을 보유하고 있지 않다. 따라서독일의 에너지자립도는 IEA 통계에 의하면 원자력발전을 포함하면 약 37%에 불과하다. 이는 유럽연합의 평균 에너지자립도보다 매우 낮은 상황이다. 독일은 1980년대부터 환경문제를 고려하여 지속발전이 가능한 대체에너지자원인 재생에너지자원 개발에 정책적인 관심을갖게 되었다. 그 결과 대표적인 재생에너지자원인 풍력발전과 태양열 및 태양광발전에 집중적인 투자 및 소비를 정책적으로 장려하여 2017년 총 전력생산에서 재생에너지로 생산하는발전비율이 33.1%에 달하였고 2020년에는 35% 이상을 달성할 예정이다. 독일정부의 에너지전환 목표는 재생에너지 전력생산 비중을 2050년 80%까지 증가시키는 것이다. 이로서독일은 유럽연합 회원국 중 재생에너지부문을 선도하고 세계에서 글로벌기후변화에 능동적으로 대처하는 선도국가가 되는 것을 정책적인 목표로 설정하고 있다. 본 연구는 재생에너지발전정책을 에너지전환정책의 핵심으로 설정한 독일의 모델에 대한 비용분석이 핵심이다.

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