3 세와 4 세 유아의 비형식적 수지식에 대한 연구 = A Study of Informal Number Knowledge in Three and Four-Year Olds

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 유아교육기관에서 형식적인 교육을 밟기 이전에 3, 4세 유아가 지니고 있는 비형식적 수지식의 전반적인 경향과 연령 및 성별에 따른 차이에 대해 조사하였다. 유치원에 들어 오기 이전에 가정과 다른 기관에서 형식적인 수학교육을 받은 경험이 없는 3세 45명과 4세 59명을 대상으로 하여 수세기, 숫자 읽기와 쓰기, 간단한 더하기와 빼기, 간단한 더하기를 반복한 곱하기와 사회적 상황에서의 나누기 과제를 사용하여 수지식을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 3, 4세 유아들은 대부분의 과제에서 상당한 비형식적 수지식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 비형식적 수지식은 연령에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 숫자 쓰기를 제외하고 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates informally acquired knowledge about number displayed in 3- to 4-year old children prior to formal instruction . The subjects of this study were 45 three-year-olds and 59 four-year-olds from two kindergartens in Ilsan, Kyoung Ki Do. The Assessment of children's number knowledge was designed to reflect a range of numerical competences such as counting, reading and writing numerals, simple addition and subtraction, social sharing and simple multiplication by continuous addition. In this study, 3- to 4-year old children displayed a range of numerical competence at pre- formal instruction. The results for rote counting, show that 73 % of 3-year-olds were able to count from 1 to 10 and 71 % of the 4-year-olds continued counting from 11 to 20. For rational counting, 93 % of the 3-year-olds were able to count from 1 to 10 while 54 % of 4-year-olds could continue from 11 to 20. Reading numbers showed variable performances, with 62 % of 3-year-olds recognizing 1 to 10, a further 31 % recognizing 11 to 20 and 86% of the 4-year-olds were able to recognize 11 to 20. Writing numbers again showed variable performances, from those knowing no numbers at all to those knowing up to 20. In addition, 71 % of the 3-year-olds and 92 % of the 4-year-olds gave a correct answers. For a similar task in subtraction, 84 % of thr 3-year-olds and 92 % of the 4-year-olds gave a correct answer. In simple division, 53 % of thr 3-year-olds were able to distribute up to three objects among three people, while 36 % of the 4-year-olds could distribute up to six objects. In multiplication, 58 % of the 3-year-olds were able to carry out 7 repetitions of two while 98 % of the 4-year-olds carried out 10 repetitions of two. Age differences were found in all numerical tasks except subtraction and social sharing. Gender difference was found only the writing of numbers.