토착민의 유전적 정보 무단이용의 규제에 관한 국제법적 고찰 : 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약 채택의 필요성을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

생명의학기술의 급격한 발달과 함께 유전자의 이용이 증가하여 왔으며 이에 따라 일각에서는 유전적 정보에 관한 연구를 바탕으로 질병치료를 위한 새로운 기술의 발달과 같은 긍정적인 측면을 강조하였으나 다른 일각에서는 유전자의 잘못된 이용이 인권침해와 같은 부작용을 야기할 수 있다는 우려 역시 표명되었으며 특히, 장애인이나 소수민족 및 토착민과 같은 취약계층에 대해서 제기되어 왔다. 이와 같은 우려는 토착민의 유전자를 무단으로 이용한 Havasupai 사례 등에서 확인되었으며 특히, 인류게놈다양성 프로젝트 등의 국제적인 토착민의 유전자 이용 역시 시도되었다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 토착민들이 국제적인 차원에서 자신들의 유전자에 관한 무단이용이 발생했을 때 어떻게 적절히 대응할 수 있을지를 제시하기 위해 우선, 현재 관련 국제법 즉, 토착민의 권리를 규정한 국제인권법 및 생명의학 관련 국제선언 등을 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 법적 구속력이 있는 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약의 채택이 필요함을 주장하였다. 특히, 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약에서 토착민의 유전자에 관련된 권리를 보호하기 위해 어떠한 사항이 규정되어야 하는지, 어떤 이행조치가 채택될 수 있을지에 대해서 동 협약의 목적 및 원칙, 실체적 권리, 절차적 이행수단 등의 세 가지 측면으로 나누어 규정되어야 할 사항에 관하여 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the advancement of life science, particularly biotechnology, the past several decades have witnessed a growing number of use or application of human genetic information. Although such use of genetic information has seen some positive developments, such as new biotechnology to treat diseases, concerns have also been raised, such as misappropriation of genetic information and resultant violations of human rights, particularly for the marginalized including the disabled and indigenous peoples. Recent cases of misuse of the genetic information of indigenous peoples in some countries, such as Havasupai case has demonstrated that their genetic information could be misused by other entities without their permission. In particular, some genetic research projects such as the Human Genome Diversity Project and Genographic project have shown this could happen in a transnational dimension. Accordingly, this article analyzes some relevant international laws and instruments that could be used to tackle such misappropriation of genes of indigenous peoples, finding that although they have some provisions to protect the rights of indigenous peoples to their genes, international instruments are non-legally binding declarations and binding conventions are regional in scope. Therefore, this article argues for the adoption of a so-called ‘International Convention on the Regulation of biomedicine and Protection of human rights’, suggesting some key elements that should be included in the Convention to protect their rights by focusing on principles, substantive rights and procedural instruments.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 토착민의 유전자 (무단)이용 사례
• Ⅲ. 토착민 유전적 정보의 무단이용 규제에 관련된 현 국제법
• Ⅳ. 현 국제법상 무단이용 규제를 위한 제언: 토착민의 유전적 정보에 관한 권리보호 규정을 포함한 생명의학규제 및 인권보호에 관한 국제협약 채택
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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