Antonin Dvo?ak의 op.55 Zigeunermelodien에 관한 고찰

국문 초록 (Abstract)

음악작품은 다른 조형예술과는 달리, 시각적으로는 오선지 위의 악보에서만 가치를 지닐 뿐, 결국은 연주자의 연주를 통해 그 생명력을 지니며, 또한 연주자는 악보를 객관적, 주관적 혹은 그 두가지 측면을 모두 고려한 이원적 측면을 통해 읽어냄으로써 재 창조해내는 창조적 작업가가 되어야만 작곡가가 의도한 대로 청중에게 잘 전달해 줄 수 있음에 비로소 완전한 작품으로 받아들여 질 수 있는 것이라 하겠다.
일반적으로, 작곡가의 유형은 영감형과 구성형으로 나누는데 Bahle의 말에 따르면 샘솟는 듯한 영감으로 다작을 지어낸 슈베르트(F.Schubert)와 같은 작곡가를 들 수 있겠다.
Dvo?ak은 그와 같은 다작(多作)의 작곡가였으며, 그러한 경향 탓인지 작품의 완성도의 편차가 큰 편이다.
그는 206곡의 작품을 작곡한 것으로 알려졌는데 그중 1/3에 해당하는 것이 성악곡이다
본 논문은 그의 성악곡 중에서 민족적 색채가 짙으며 후기낭만의 다양한 표현기법이 두드러진 연가곡 op.55 Zigeunermelodien(집시의 노래)에 관한 분석적 연구와 그의 음악배경이 된 집시음악의 사상적 시대적 배경을 이해하고 민족주의 음악을 표현함에 있어 연주자가 지녀야 할 주관적, 객관적 측면을 고찰함으로써 연주시 간과하기 쉬운 부분까지 고려하여 성악학도들이 이곡을 연주하는 데 도움이 되고자한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores analytical study on the op.55 Zigeunermelodien that composed by Antonin Dvo?ak, a nationalistic music composer, who left us many Masterpieces in various musical genres. He dedicated his life to nationalistic music movement and liberal gypsy style music.
After carefully observing on Dvo?ak's life and culture around his time, contents are analyzed on the basic explanation of gypsy music and structure and analysis of it's barmony.
First, words are chosen among ethnic flavored poems that concentrated to show it's passion for free will.
Secondly, structure of harmony is simple and easily understood using major and minor keys with diversity. Transitions are rarely used. Rather then following format of gypsy music scale, natural minor scales and melodic minor scales are mainly used and basic chords and chords of inversion are also used.
Third, this song is form of 2-3 strophenlied or long strophenlied and all parts are very passionate and full of melody and its accompaniments are harmonized beautifully which associate with various of gypsy dance music.
Following summery shows ambivalent musical taste of Dvo?ak that is nationalisticand also very liberal gypsy style music.
1. First Song Mein Lied ertont begins with dance music style then sequence of right side for six tripletand left side for triplet are formed. This song is following format of 4/4 rhythm, g minor strophenlied.Unique 3+2 (??+??) rhythm is continued, minor is the main harmony and little disharmony is given.
2. Second song Ei! Wie mein Triangel repeats same melody using a triangle. Static variations are introduced and triad and 7^(th) chords are used. This song is following format of 2/4 rhythm, g minor varied. Continuous march rhythm being used and gypsy dance style.
3. Third song Rings ist der wald is one of the most famous song he wrote and it's known for very sweet and detailed song. This song is following format of 4/4 rhythm, Bb major stophenlied. Same rythms are repeated triad and 7th chords is principle chord.
4. Forth song Als die alte Mutter is a very beautiful song harmonizing vocal part and accompaniment part. This song is following format of 6/8 rhythm, D major long strophenlied. Mainly used triad and accompaniment shows 6/8 rhythm and vocal follows 2/4.
5. Fifth song Reingestimmt die Saiten show gypsy's liberal dancing march style song. This song is very energetic and fastens toward climax of the song. This song is following format of 2/4 rhythm d minor strophenlied and mainlytriad. Accompaniment part follows arpeggio phenomenon affected by Cimbalom. Melodies are repeated.
6. Sixth song In dem weiten, breiten, luftgen, leinenkleide is very powerful and singing for the freedom. This song follows format of 2/4 rhythm, A major long strophenlied. Each part is separated rhythm follows March structure. Triad is mainly used and second avant-garde chord are used many times.
7. Seventh song Darf des Falken Schwinge is very romantic and passionate song. This song is 6/8 rhythm D minor strophenlied. Tripart repeats its melody. Triad is main harmony and same harmony is continued. This song is shows freedom of nature as a gift that is a climax of this song.
As a conclusion, Dvo?ak is truly a gifted nationalistic musician. He surely represents perfectly balanced and passionate Czecoslovakian Slavic music. Most of all the op.55 Zigeunermelodien is best known for it's unique and passionate melody, which describes Gypsy's, longing for the freedom. I hope this paper helps those of you who like to understand and play op.55 Zigeunermelodien.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• 1. 연구의미와 목적
• 2. 연구의 방법과 범위
• Ⅱ. 본론
• 1. 집시음악의 시대적 배경
• 2. 집시음악의 종류와 특징
• 3. Antonin Dvo?ak의 생애와 그의 음악
• 4. Antonin Dvo?ak가곡의 일반적인 성격
• 5. Zigeunermelodien의 분석
• Ⅲ. 결론
• 참고문헌