액셀러레이터: 개념화와 향후 연구과제 = Accelerators: Conceptualization and Future Research Direction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the foundation of Y Combinator in 2005 and Techstars in 2007, startup accelerators have rapidly emerged as a new form of organization in the startup ecosystem. In Korea, Primer was founded in 2010 as the first startup accelerator and was then followed by other early accelerators. The recent government certification of accelerators has since triggered the rapid spread of accelerators. However, despite this rapid diffusion of accelerators, there is a paucity of research. This paper seeks to offer a conceptual model as to how accelerators add value. It also provides suggestions for accelerator design, public policy and future research. Accelerators can mitigate institutional voids that hinder the creation and success of startups. They also assist startups to gaining access to human, social, and financial capital by offering education programs, mentoring service, networking opportunities, and demo days. In addition, mentoring helps startups to test key assumptions and receive feedback on their ideas and business models. In doing so, startups can evaluate their ideas and business models more objectively and from diverse perspectives, mitigating problems stemming from the overconfidence and inexperience of entrepreneurs. After a brief review of the history of accelerators, the paper delineates the sources of high failure rates of startups, explaining how accelerators add value by mitigating the difficulties associated with startups and how the characteristics of entrepreneurs, startups and ecosystems affect the value-added roles of accelerators. The paper concludes by offering implications for theory, practice, and public policy and by providing future research suggestions.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2005년 Y-Combinator, 2007년 Techstars가 설립된 이후 액셀러레이터(accelerators)는 입주기업에게 교육 및 멘토링, 네트워킹 기회, 공간, 초기자본 등을 제공하여, 입주기업이 빠른 시간 내에 적은 비용으로 자신의 아이디어를 발전시키고 창업할 수 있도록 도와주는 새로운 형태의 조직으로 자리를 잡았다. 국내에서도 2010년 프라이머 설립 이후 초기 액셀러레이터들이 등장하였고, 정부의 액셀러레이터(‘창업기획자’) 인증사업이 시작하면서 그 숫자가 급격하게 증가하였다. 액셀러레이터가 급속히 확산하고 창업생태계(entrepreneurial ecosystem)의 중요한 플레이어로 자리를 잡았지만, 이에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 형편이다. 본 논문의 목적은 액셀러레이터의 역할에 대한 개념적 모형을 제공함으로써 관련된 학술적 연구를 활성화하고 액셀러레이터 디자인 및 정부정책 수립에 도움을 주고자 한다. 액셀러레이터는 창업을 어렵게 하는 제도적 공백(institutional voids)에 따른 문제점을 완화하는 역할을 한다. 액셀러레이터는 창업과 관련된 교육과 멘토링 프로그램, 다양한 네트워킹 기회, 데모데이(demo day) 등을 통하여 창업자들이 초기에 필요한 인적자원, 사회적 자원, 재무 자원 등 경영자원을 확보하는데 도움을 준다. 또한 액셀러레이터는 창업자들이 자신들의 아이디어를 검증하고 학습을 하면서 비즈니스 모델을 발전시키는데 조언을 제공한다. 창업자들은 액셀러레이터 프로그램이 제공하는 멘토링 서비스를 통하여 자신의 아이디어에 대한 다양한 피드백과 조언을 받게 되는데, 이들 통하여 창업자들의 과신과 국지적 탐색(local search)과 같은 인지적 편향(cognitive biases)으로 인한 한계점을 극복할 기회를 가진다. 본 논문은 액셀러레이터가 어떻게 시작되었고 확산되었는지에 대한 간략한 설명을 한 다음, 창업기업의 실패원인이 무엇이고 액셀러레이터가 어떻게 이들의 실패원인을 완화하는지를 설명하고 액셀러레이터의 효과에 영향을 주는 창업자, 스타트업, 생태계의 특성에 대해서 논의한다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제시한 모형을 중심으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점과 향후 연구과제를 제시한다.

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