오윤(五倫)의 전통성(傳統性) = A Tradition of the Five Human Relations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One may ordinary think of moral rules to govern the Five Human Relations(五倫) as human moral rules in Confucianism. And Confucianism looks upon as the products of the past fedual lord-system as well. It is said that the Five Rules, treated as old morality, is so different from liberalism in modern democracy that the value of their Rules seems to be degraded. However Confucius, who is a founder of Confucianism, did not creat chinese culture newly, but merely made a synthesis of its culture before him. Then one should trace the origin of Chinese culture out of the way of past King Yao and Shuen(堯舜) King Wen and Wu(文武) just as Confucius said. It seems that the peculiar, traditional thought of Korea should be pursued with the abstruse way, that is, the Elegant Way(風流道) of Dan-gun(檀君), a founder of our country by any means. As Choi, Chi-won(崔致遠) said at the end of Silla dynasty, if the abstruse; way is said to be a synthesis of Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism, then our peculiar traditional though already included the three religious thought. Therefore, our native traditional thought would not be surely synthesized newly just after the three religious pervaded to china. Mencius proclaimed his moral rules to govern the Five Human Relations(of master and servant, of father and son, of husband and wife, of brothers and of friends), and he ever said such his five teachings originated in King Shuen(舜) with calling King Shuen(舜) as people in the East(夷東之人). So Mencius`s five teachings may be King Shuen`s(舜) five scriptures, and also the sutras are his Five Human Relations as we think of. As the results of those facts, the Five Relations are clearly our Eastern Family`s(東夷族) peculiar thought. The content of summarizing the Five Human Relations is what is called filial piety, reverence, loyalty and faith, which are just like the Way-Spirit of Flower of Youth (花郞道) in Silla dynasty. One may be generally apt to think of the five commandments of Flower of Youth made by Won Kwang(圓光) who is a monk as the five Buddhist commandments. As Won Kwang said before, the five commandments in Flower of Youth are the secular Fives different from Budhi-Sattva`s five commandments, and are not only the Fives in Flower of Youth but also people`s in Silla dynasty. And they may well be Silla people`s fives. Furthermore, we have to consider an origin of the Fives in Flower of Youth with going back to the past Dan-gun`s abstruse way before Flower of Youth had come into being. The thought of Three Human Relations(三倫) in Hoi Sam Gyeong(會三經) expatiated on Sam Il Sim Go(三一神誥), which Dan-gun moreover granted, has merely each similarity or difference from some items of the Five Human Relations as current expressions. Then the Five Scriptures of King Shuen(舜), Mencius`s Five Teachings are the same principles as the Five Human Relations we think of in these days. The Five Commandments in Flower of Youth also are the expressions by Silla dynasty-style on the Five Human Relations, as which we can not help regarding the peculiar traditional thought of Eastern Famity. It only seems to us that our present tasks are to interpret the Five Human Relations modernly and also to make that Five`s meaning significant. In case that we try to correct the modern order which is additionally being scattered badly, we must interpret the thought of the traditional Five Human Relations democratically as the most important tasks.