대학생의 진로 유형에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감 분석

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 대학생들의 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동에 따른 진로 유형이 어떻게 분포하고 있는지 살펴보고, 진로 유형에 따라 진로결정 자기효능감과의 관계를 규명하여 대학생들의 진로 상담 및 지도에 도움을 주고자 실시하였다.
이를 위해 본 연구에서는 광주광역시와 전라남도지역에 소재한 4년제 대학생 201명을 대상으로 진로결정수준검사, 김봉환이 개발한 진로준비행동 검사, 진로결정 자기효능감 척도(Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale- Short Form: CDMSES-SF)의 설문도구를 사용하여 SPSS 20.0을 이용하여 자료를 분석 및 처리하였다.
연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 진로결정수준이 개인변인에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 살펴본 결과 성별에서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 학년별에서는 고학년이 될수록 진로결정수준이 높았으며, 전공계열별에서는 경영계열, 사범계열, 자연과학계열, 공과계열, 인문사회계열로 높게 나타났으며, 인문사회계열과 경영계열이 유의한 차이를 보였다.
둘째, 대학생의 진로준비행동이 개인변인에 따라 차이를 살펴본 결과 성별, 학년별, 전공계열별에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 진로준비행동에 있어서 성별, 학년별, 전공별에서 차이가 크지 않는 점은 인구통계학적 요인에 의해 결정되기 보다는 개인차를 반영하는 다양한 심리적 변인에 의해 결정되는 특성임을 시사하는 결과라고 할 수 있다.
셋째, 대학생의 진로 유형 분포를 알아본 결과 전체적인 분포 정도는 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동이 모두 높은 A유형이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 진로준비행동은 높지만 진로결정수준이 낮은 C유형이 높게 나타났다.
진로결정수준은 높지만 진로준비행동이 낮은 B유형, 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동이 모두 낮은 D유형 순으로 나타났다. 변인에 따라 진로 유형이 어떤 차이를 보이는지 교차분석을 실시한 결과, 성별 및 학년별에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 전공계열에 따른 진로 유형은 사범계열과 자연과학계열에서 A유형이, 인문사회계열은 C유형과 A유형이, 경영계열은 B유형, 공과계열은 C유형이 높은 비율로 나타났다.
끝으로, 진로 유형과 진로결정 자기효능감에 있어서 차이가 있는지 분석한 결과, 진로결정수준은 낮지만 진로준비행동은 높은 수준인 C유형이 다른 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 진로결정수준이 높은 집단인 A유형과 B유형에서 진로자기결정효능감이 높은 경향이 나타났다.
본 연구는 진로결정수준, 진로준비행동에 따른 대학생의 진로 유형과 진로결정 자기효능감의 차이를 분석함으로써 진로선택에 어려움을 겪고 있는 대학생들을 위한 진로상담 및 진로지도, 프로그램 개발에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 하겠다. 대학생의 진로발달시기에 맞춰 진로 유형의 특성을 고려한 진로상담, 진로지도, 진로프로그램 등이 개발되어야 할 것이며, 진로 현장에서 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 대학의 특성, 전공계열의 특성에 따른 후속연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록 ··········································································ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 ················································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ······························································1
• 2. 연구의 목적 ··································································4
• 3. 용어의 정의 ·····································································4
• 4. 연구의 제한점 ···································································6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·····································································7
• 1. 진로발달이론 ····································································7
• 2. 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동 ················································9
• 3. 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동에 따른 진로 유형 ····················13
• 4. 진로결정 자기효능감 ···························································17
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ····································································22
• 1. 연구 대상 ······································································22
• 2. 측정 도구 ······································································24
• 3. 자료의 수집 ·····························································26
• 4. 자료의 분석 및 처리 ························································26
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 해석 ······················································27
• 1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 ········································27
• 2. 개인변인에 따른 진로결정수준의 차이 ··························28
• 3. 개인변인에 따른 진로준비행동의 차이 ····························32
• 4. 개인변인에 따른 진로 유형 차이분석 ·······························34
• 5. 진로 유형에 따른 진로결정 자기효능감 차이 분석·························38
• Ⅴ. 요약, 결론, 제언 ···························································47
• 1. 요약 ·············································································47
• 2. 결론 ·············································································48
• 3. 제언 ·············································································51
• 참고문헌 ············································································52
• ABSTRACT ·····································································55
• 부록 ···································································58