계엄의 미시사: 인스타그램에 나타난 평범한 시민들의 12.3 내란 경험 = The Microhistory of Martial Law: Ordinary Citizens’ Experience of December 3 Treason appearing on Instagram

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 미시사적 문제의식과 방법론을 활용해 평범한 시민들이 겪은12.3 내란을 재구성했다. 이를 위해 비지배층의 경험, 참여관찰, 두터운 묘사, 내러티브적 서술 등의 미시사적 특성을 가장 잘 구현할 수 있는 자료로 인스타그램을 선택했다. 2024년 12월 한 달 동안의 인스타그램 게시물에서 ‘계엄’ 이라는 단어를 본문에 포함하고 있는 1만 개의 데이터를 수집했고, ‘전처리(pre-process)’ 과정을 거쳐 추출한 총 6,688개의 콘텐츠를 분석의 대상으로삼았다.
인스타그램의 콘텐츠에는 공식 기록에서는 접하기 어려운 개인의 목소리와일상 등 풍부한 이야기가 담겨 있다. 예기치 못한 정치적 위기에 당황하고 분노했던 시민들은 며칠 후 열린 청문회를 접하며 오히려 더 큰 공포감을 느꼈고, 불안정한 정국과 경제적 위기에 힘겨워하며 민주적 일상성의 회복을 갈구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study reconstructs the December 3 treason through a microhistorical lens, focusing on the experiences of ordinary citizens. Instagram was selected as the primary source best suited to capture microhistorical characteristics such as the experiences of non-dominant class, participant observation, thick description, and narrative writing. From 10,000 Instagram posts containing the keyword ‘martial law’ during December 2024, a total of 6,688 posts were extracted through a pre-processing procedure and used for analysis.
Instagram content is rich with personal voices and everyday lives that are difficult to access through official records. Citizens expressed perplexity and anger in response to the unexpected political crisis, and after the hearings of the National Assembly, experienced heightened fear and a longing for the restoration of democratic everydayness amid political instability and economic crisis. Following the passage of President Yoon Suk-yeol’s impeachment bill, posts related to martial law were reduced by half, but protests demanding Yoon’s arrest and the ratification of impeachment continued. During this period, a festival-like tradition of “K-rally” characterized by solidarity and camaraderie took root, with citizens defending democracy in their own personal distinctiveness.
Instagram at this time overflowed with discussions of historical consciousness, including analogies to the May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement and conservative discourses on the need to protect the hard-won tradition of democracy. Notably, there was also an awakening to the necessity of strengthening humanities’ literacy to prevent the recurrence of national crises such as treason. By microhistorically analyzing Instagram－a source rarely utilized in previous researches－this experimental study seeks to recover and incorporate the emotions, attitudes, and actions of ordinary citizens, often neglected by mainstream historiography, into the historical studies.