진화론과 근대영국 -패러다임 시프트의 시작- = Evolution and Victorian Society -The Beginning of Paradigm Shift-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The articles aims to show the relationship between evolution and modern English society. Though evolution is the theory about changing lives in nature, it can’t be denied that the spirit of age affected the building up of the evolution theory. In a word, in spite of the fact that evolution was argued by various natural philosophers, ethos of Victorian Era constructed the basic structure for evolution.
Victorian Society had experienced unprecedented change in the whole history of England. Established social values were threatened by the rising of industrial capitalists arguing that they wanted to participate in politics and social activities. Their arguments seemed to be affected the rising theory of evolution that human society, like the structure of nature, needed to be re-structured.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 진화론이 영국근대사회 형성에 이바지했음을 밝히고자 한다. 진화론은 개인의 과학적 발견이라기보다는 근대의 시작을 알리는 시대정신의 성격을 담고 있다. 진화론이 자연계에서 인간의 우월적 지위에 의문을 제기한 것처럼 근대에 들어오면서 영국사회는 국왕을 정점으로 하는 수직구조라는 기존의 질서체계에 회의를 가지기 시작한다. 산업혁명과 차티스트 운동으로 시작되는 근대 영국사회는 개인의 위상을 넓히는 방향으로 발전해 가면서 중산층을 중심으로 정치적, 경제적 활동범위를 넓힘으로서 이전과 다른 양상을 띠는 사회로 변화한다. 진화론의 자연의 수평구조에 대한 시각이 근대 영국인들이 추구했던 사회의 수평구조 형성에 영향을 주었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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