간호이미지에 관한 조사 연구 : 의사, 간호사, 병원직원, 일반인을 대상으로 = The Study of Nursing Image

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Nursing care includes physical, psychological and environmental aspects of the patient. It observes the patient in various phases, confirms and intervenes his problems, so that the patient can maintain and improve his health status. Nursing should be performed according to the concept of total care.
Currently, in Korea, there are many factors which prevent the total nursing care from being properly implemented : the lack of a constitutional support system, insufficient hospital environments, knowledge and and technique in special field and an inadequate understanding of nursing care.
In addition, the patient doesn't acknowledge nursing as a professional job and even nurses have a negative image of their own jobs. For that reason, it is necessary to establish the positive image of a nurse in order to improve and develop a nurses' status to a professional level.
The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the image of nursing and to get a grasp for the ideal way of performing it. To achieve this, we surveyed the people who are related and have an impact on nursing, such as doctors, hospital workers and patients.
The contents of this survey include 8 questions in socio-populational characteristics, 39 questions dealing with the image of a nurse which they usually have, 35 questions in how to achieve the ideal image of nursing.
The reliance rate of the sample was .959 by the Chronbach's a value. The period of the survey was from 9.4. 1998 to 9.14. 1998. We surveyed 1,000 people including 122 doctors, 212 nurses, 185 hospital workers and 211 patients. Among those samples, 731 people responded to the survey (73.1 %). The survey was analyzed by PC-SAS.
The results are as following.
1. Compared were the differences between the positive image of a nurse among the groups.
The highly scored answers in all groups are as following : "nursing is a rewarding job", "physically tiring", "a nurse is busy all the time", "nursing contributes to the improvement of the public health". Meanwhile, the highly scored answers in nurses' group but lowly scored answers in other groups are as following ; "a nurse has high responsibilities", "respect others", "humane", "understanding". There are answers which got low scores in the nurse group but high ones in other groups : "nursing is technical and passive", "nurses overvalue themselves", "have high understanding". The last group of answers is one to which all groups gave low scores, although there were some differences among the groups : "nursing is a independent job", "a nurse has high social status", "keeps good relationship with other workers", "they want their children to be a nurse".
The differences between the positive image of a nurse among the groups were similar(F=47.72, P= .0001). Among 39 questions, the total scores of the nurses's group was 128.72, the patients' group was 125.47, the hospital workers' group was 118.42, and the doctors' group was 113.99.
2. Also compared were the differences between how the groups rate a nurse's performance and the positive image of a nurse. The answers are classified as the following four groups. The answers of first group got high scores in all groups : "use respect terms to a patient", "wear neat and clean uniform", "explain to a patient in layman terms". The answers of the second group got high scores in nurses' group but low scores in other groups : "be responsible and accurate", "show interest to a patient", "take care of a patient with conscience". The answers of the second group got low scores in nurses' group but high scores in other groups : "be proud to be a nurse", "keep a good relationship among nurses". The answers of the third group got the low scores in all groups : "smile although you are busy", "answer sincerely to the same repeated questions", "a nurse should be highly dedicated to the job", "handle the patient's requests with independence", "actively attend meeting with doctors". The results in the performance rate of positive image of nursing among the groups were similar(F=59.56, P= .0001). The highest score was the nurses' group(126.49), the score of patients' group was(120.90), the score of hospital workers' group was(106.74), the score of doctors' group was(103.71).
3. The differences between the image of nursing and the performance was that the image of nursing was similar in the nurses' group whether they were married or not(F=5.75, P= .0174), but there were some differences depending upon the respondent's age. In the patients' group and the doctors' group, the result were similar but, in the hospital workers' group, there were some differences in the nurse's image according to their ages. In the nurses' group performance rate of the positive image of nursing was a little different according to the nurse's ages(F=2.80, P= .0413), the older have a higher score. In the hospital workers' group, there were some differences depending on their ages (F=2.71, P= .0476). On the other hand, in the doctors' group and the patients' group there were no differences in results.