韓國 接待婦의 硏究 : 서울市의 接待婦를 中心으로 = A Socialogical Study of Service Girls in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, service girls' (barmaids') position has not been properly recognized, so that there has raised an important social problem with regard to service girls. And the problem is regarded as one of the pathological phenomena of a society. In the past, while some studics on prostitutes have been done, those on service girls have never been done. Often in some studies dealing mainly with social problems, the problem of service girls has been treated in part. Or some works for the statistics on barmaids lave been made for a purpose of administration. But even a paper which deals only with service girls' problem in earnest has not been presented.
The purpose of this paper is to survey the characteristics of service girls (general backgrounds of their lives); their marital status and family relations; their personal history from runaway to being a service girl; aspects of their changing jobs; their present living conditions, etc. Especially, with the fact that most of service girls are runaway girls in mind, this paper deals with the problem of service girls as part of juvenile delinquency and family problems.
For this purpose, 487 barmaids serving at tables in entertainment houses which are recorded on the registers of the Public Health Centers under the control of Seoul municipal, authorities, were selected. Interviews and some questionnaire papers were used as research methods. Interviews were performed with the help of the Department of Public Health and Social Affairs, an affiliate of the Seoul municipal authorities, during the medical examinations for service girls at each Public Health Center.
The research findings are as follows:
1. Characteristics of Service Girls
Most of them are in the twenties. 41% of them are from 23 years old to 26 years old. The places of their growth were surveyed by regional groups: that is, a province(do) group and a urban-rural one. But the results do not show the distinct regional characteristics, though the number of service girls from urban area is slightly larger than those from other regions.
As for their educational backgrounds, 50% of them are graduates of high schools or leavers of high school in mid-course. About 30% are graduates of middle school or leavers in mid-course, and 10% or so possess attainments equal to or higher than those of technical college education.
As for their dwellings, 44% of them cook their own meals and 21% live with employers or in entertainment houses. 13% of them live in their own houses, and others are boarders, live together with their lovers, live in their relative's houses or their friends'.
Their religious backgrouds are as follows: 30% are unbelievers; 29% Buddhists; 18% Christians; 9% Catholics, etc. But 56% of them have experiences of having their fortune told once or twice.
How do they make use of their non-working hours, that is, their leisure hours in the daytime? The result is that 42% idle away their time, and only 14% are engaged in other jobs or learning of technical skill.
2. Marital Status and Family Relations
Most of service girls are unmarried women (82?). Of those who had matrimonial experience, only 5% (including remarried women) carry on normally their marital relations, whereas 15% are divorced, or separated, or bereaved women.
As for their father and mother, 61% are those whose both father and mother are still in existence. Of these 61%, 22% said that their parents live in harmony, and 39% said that their parents are at odds or poor. And 26% said that they have only father or mother, while 7% have no both father and mother.
62% said that their standard of living is medium. But, in view of their father's occupation (farming-19%, commercial business-14% and jobless-12%), they seem to have evaluated their present standard of living above their real level. (This is clearly revealed by the fact that) 56%, said that they had a family to supoprt, especially their parents, and sisters and brothers.
Barmaids, on the whole, tend to hide their social position. Concerning this tendency, it was surveyed whether their parents know their daughter's (service girl's) position or not. While only 6% have let their parents know about their job from the outset, 47% are still hiding their social position, and 37% have been discovered by their parents from the beginning or later.
3. The Processes of Being a Service Girl
A member of service girls are in the condition of running away from home. This fact can be clear from this survey, which shows that 13% live in their houses, and many tend to keep their parents from discovering their position. Before their being a service girl, 32% and experienced their leaving home once or twice, mostly in the end of their teens or in the beginning of their twenties. The reasons of their leaving, home are their poverty (including job hunting) and domestic troubles. In addition, temptation from their friends, disappointment in love, failure in their married life, being tired of studying, being scolded by their parents, longing for city life or leaving home with no definite object is included in the reasons.
As for the stories about their becoming a service girl, the cases of being introduced by others are more than those of their seeking a job for themselves. Among the cases of being introduced by others, 40% are on the introduction from their friends, 18% from an employment agency, 5% from their relatives. On the other hand, among the cases of being a service girl for themselves 23% hunt their job for themselves in the streets, 10% from the information in newspapers. When their being a service girl, most of them are from in the end of their teens to in the beginning of their twenties (45%-from 19 to 22,37%-from 23 to 26). But 4% became barmaids above 31 years of age, and 4% under the 18 years of age.
4. Aspects of Their Changing Jobs
72% have experiences of being employed before their being a service girl. The majority of them have changed their jobs once. The kinds of their jobs before being a service girl are as follows: office workers(19%), workwomen in some factories (5%), shop girls(5%), kitchen-maids (3%), tea house waitresses (9%), prostitutes (8%), etc.
On the other hand, after their being a service girl, they have changed their jobs from entertainment house to entertainment house (Soolchip) once a year on the average. More concretly, this survey shows that while the average employment period of the selected service girls is about 2 years, the average number of places where they had workcd during that period is 2.5. Their employment periods at the present working places are as follows: 39% are under for 6 months; 23% from for 6 months to for 1 year; 15% from for 1 year to for 2 years.
5. Their Present Life Structure
The kinds of their working places are various; a beer hall (22%), a saloon (26%), a
gisaeng house (15%), etc. The numbers of employees in entertainment houses are these: 50% of entertainment houses where surveyed service girls are working have 11-50 employees, 43% have 10 and less, and 6% have more than 51 employees. The number of entertainment houses equipped with guest rooms is more than that of houses equipped with seats for guests. Cushions are used much more than chairs in the entertainment houses with guest rooms.
When their serving to guests, 60% of the surveyed service girls dress in Western-style clothes; 16% in Korean clothes; 11% in Western-style clothes or Korean clothes alternately; and 5% in special uniforms. Organization of the entertainment houses is very various, but most employ waiters and managers.
The mian type of service girl's pay is a tip. A few of them (9%) get a salary only. The types of their income are a salary, a tip and a charge for an entertainer (whadae) and sometimes types are mixed. On the whole, 87% are given a tip, 29% receives a salary and 29% get a charge for an entertainer. And it should be noted that only 20% are in debt, 84% have some savings, and that 37% pay some parts of their income to managers or waiters, etc. Concerning their mutual relation, 54% said they are in harmony with other service girls; 32% said $quot;so-so$quot;; 5% on bad terms with others; and 6% indifferent to others. But 73% said that they were dissatisfied with their job. The reasons are difficulties in serving to guests(guests'drunken rowdiness), ill-health by drinking, feeling of shame, low income, etc.
Many service girls have experienced an acquaintance with a man. Of them, 56% said they had a pure acquaintance with a man, except for the cases of a disappointment in love (10%) and a rape (7%). Moreover, 30% said they had lived together with their lover in the same house, and 52% had an abortion. Of those who had an abortion, 34% had once; 28% twice; 18% three times. And the case of nine-times of abortion were also found out.
Answering the question about their future, only 33% said that they are hoping for marriage, and others said negatively. And only 6% said that they would continue their job, while 74% said that they would quit or change their job for their plan (including marriage or returning home).

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 一.接待婦의 性格
• 二.結婚·家族關係
• 三.接待婦가 되기까지의 過程
• 四.職業移動
• 五.生活構造
• 맺는말