화재 현장의 연소 잔류물에서 방염제 성분 검출을 위한 지표물질 분석에 관한 연구 = A study of indicator material analysis at the fire sites of flame retardant components in combustion residues

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

According to fire safety regulations, curtains, carpets, interior decorations, and other items used in special locations must be constructed with flame-retardant performance. Flame-retardant agents, which prevent combustible materials from igniting, are categorized into pre-treatment and on-site treatment types, with performance testing conducted by the Korea Fire Institute. Pre-treated products are installed on-site after passing the flame-retardant performance test, ensuring no issues during the process. However, on-site treated products involve applying flame-retardant agents to untreated wood and plywood, followed by performance testing by the local fire department. This often results in non-compliance, as only submitted samples pass the test, while the actual on-site materials do not match. Such poor construction can lead to significant human and material damage in the event of a fire.
This study aims to determine the use of ammonium phosphate in imparting flame-retardant performance to water-based flame-retardant coatings, establish it as an indicator substance, and develop an analysis method to assess the legality of on-site flame-retardant treatments in fire scenes. Plywood samples subjected to flame-retardant performance tests were analyzed using SEM/EDX and FT-IR for unburned, partially burned, and completely burned areas. SEM analysis identified shapes characteristic of ammonium phosphate's expansion properties, while EDX analysis detected phosphorus (P) to differentiate between proper treatment and untreated or improperly treated samples. FT-IR analysis was limited to distinguishing untreated samples. This study only analyzed four types of water-based flame-retardant coatings for on-site treatment. Future studies expanding on-site treatment groups are necessary to enhance reliability.