페미니즘이 한국 여성문학에 끼친 영향 = The Influence of Feminism in Korean Literature

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The relationship between feminism and in literature, in particular to the importance of practical liberation of women film a universal standpoint, began women writers and their interest in feminism. From then on, feminism as a movement, not only tackled issues dealing with politics and social issues, but also began to examine culture. From the early 1970s, feminism began to make inroads into literature and genres like "Literary Feminism" began to form. The purpose behind this movement was to create a new women's culture that would challenge traditional approaches and genres.
Those scholars who went to study abroad to the West after the Liberation of Korea returned home with new insight on literary theories which served as a foundation of their study of literature, and they began to put them to incorporate these theories in the school curriculums. Some of these theories have been classified as "liberation theory" by Western women.
As these scholars critically re-examined both sexes through the lens of these new theoretical models, it not only revealed the political, cultural, and psychological reality of women's positions vis--vis men, but also demonstrated that without the liberation of women, mankind could not achieve full liberation. The 1980s marked a period called "the women's oppression era" whereby these liberal-feminists began to introduce Marxist feminism, radical feminism, and social liberalism theory which highlighted the presence of class and gender conflict.
Theories by Western feminists contributed to "liberal feminism" in Korea by helping crate a framework for political struggle and at the same time introduced a radical position to critique the limits of Liberalism theory. Furthermore, other Western theories examined the problem of a gendered class system pointing out that a gender rank system is derived from a natural male and female division of labor and unveiled the distorted nature of how the psychological and behavioral structure of male and female psychological structure were constructed. And feminists were able to present their personal vision of the world through a gendered perspective by pushing for sexual equality at both the social and economic level, and also the unity of the arts and science from a cultural perspective.
These perspectives were thought to have helped transform women's position and status and thus rendered as part of the women's liberation movement's ideology. Since then, scholars who have engaged in the study of women have written essays that have examined the identity of women and these essays have pointed out the specific problems of women's liberation today. The themes of these studies deal with the question of maternity being part of a woman's natural instinct, how it has been used as an ideological tool to oppress women, and recommendations to modify the concept of maternity in order for women to be able to live as equals in society. Furthermore, these essays also tackle with other issues that are correlated with the woman's identity and her social position such as the "Cinderella complex."
As these feminist theories derived from Europe and America entered Korea in the 1980s onwards, they altered the way of viewing women problems. These influential theories helped sprout new social movements and the research on women increased and a voice representing women began to be heard. In particular, interest on female oppression required some kind of organizational system. These issues became part of the national agenda and laws vis--vis improving the social atmosphere for women began to be established or revised. The impact of these feminist theories began to have a changing impact on Korean women's literature.
The aim of "modern literature" is to continually establish and revise old theories by incorporating new methods while seeking new challenges. By adopting feminist theories, the ideologies of maternity were seen as an obstacle which prevented women from seeking their identities. This quest for a true identity was re-examined through literature opening up possibilities,
In present day Korea, theories on women (i.e. feminism) are viewed very differently than in the past. Although we continue to show the mythical nature of men's culture, we no longer harbor a militant attitude vis--vis men and have attempted to forge various new relationships.
Another important aspect we need to take notice is the new trends of feminism such as postmodernism, postcolonialism, and taco-feminism. Instead of criticizing the early versions of feminism of being too dependent on contemporary history, we should accept and receive these important theories that have gradually gained currency through cultural textual analysis.
Because of the influential role of feminist theory, women can firmly posit that regardless of the biological differences between men and women, there can no longer be discrimination of any kind based on gender difference. Throughout human history, women have always been neglected and confined by men. As a social movement, feminism began to set things straight and now these theoretical frameworks have provided the backbone for developing women's consciousness and something women can look back on.
In regards to the relationship between literature and feminism in Korea, feminism began as a social movement with literature on the sidelines. Feminist scholars viewed literature as a practical way to enlighten women. They thought that it was through literary activities that they were able to achieve their goals. Through literary journals named Muk, they were able to introduce feminism and ways in which a woman should live their lives. Through the process of writing, women writers were able to locate the various positions of women in history which allowed their voices to be heard, gradually encouraging women to express the ways in which they should live their lives. At first, feminism played the primary role in speaking on behalf of women as well providing the strength, which in trim paved the road for building a theory on individual literature.
Recently, we were confronted with the problem of defining women's identity and the meaning of maternity. On 15 August 2000, when separated families of both Koreas reunited temporarily, we were able to witness the tremendous power of maternity, an ideological construct feminists had deemed of as an obstacle for women in achieving full independence. North and South Korean writers placed great emphasis on maternity through their works. The question therein lies how one should accept or understand feminism or the institution of maternity of yesterday and the present?
The present feminists insist on deploying a more humanist approach between men and women. It cannot to denied that the impact of feminism made it possible for Korean women's literature to accept and apply feminist theory.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.서론
• Ⅱ.페미니즘적 의식과 한국 여성문학
• 1.여성해방 의식과 한국 여성 창작 문학
• 2.여성해방운동과 문학지: 『또 하나의 문화』
• 3.여성해방 문학: 창작을 통한 현실고발
• Ⅲ.페미니즘이론과 문학 비평
• 1.페미니즘이론과 여성 문학 비평
• 2.여성중심 시각의 학문 이론 세우기
• 3.여성의 시선으로 텍스트 새롭게 읽기
• Ⅳ.결론
• 참고문헌
• 영문초록