푸틴 집권기 러시아 지역격차의 변화(2000-2008) = Regional Socio-economic Disparities in Russia under Putin’s Administration (2000-2008)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns of regional disparities and to find its implications to federal relations. The rapid growth of Russian economy has accelerated inequalities not only among individuals, but also among federal subjects, to which seldom has been paid attention in exiting literature.
Regional disparities in term of HDI significantly changed during the period between 2000 and 2008. The establishment of the Ministry of Regional Development constituted one of prime changes. Furthermore the proportion of those in absolute poverty has sharply decreased in accordance with the economic growth. However, the patterns of regional disparities measured in terms of HDI calculated by the UNDP appears more complicated during Putin’s first term of presidentship; some regions suffered a chronical depression while many others remained under- developed. A regression analysis suggests that population size, capital investment, proportion of industry, construction, and service sector in gross regional production, and education level of regional population have significant influence on regional HDI.
This study finds that a high resource-dependency of Russian economy tends to hamper the efforts to reduce regional socio-economic disparities. The analysis also finds that the level of regional autonomy, measured by Petrov, had negative relations with the HDI, suggesting cooperation between central-regional governments are required to reduce the regional socio-economic disparities.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글의 목적은 푸틴(Vladimir Putin)의 대통령 2기의 집권 기간 동안 진행된 지역격차의 변화 추이를 분석하고 그 의미를 살펴보는데 있다. 러시아는 경제성장에 따라 절대적 빈곤의 해소에도 불구하고 분배 불균형이 강화되고 있다. 그러나 많은 논의가 성장에 초점을 두고 있어 분배 불균형에 대한 연구는 많지 않다.
러시아 연방정부는 2005년 지역발전부를 설립하고 지역 간 발전격차문제를 다루어왔다. 그러나 연구대상기간동안 인간개발지수(HDI)를 중심으로 분석한 지역격차는 대체로 2000년대 초기보다 지역 간 격차는 감소하고 있는 것처럼 보이지만 만성적인 낙후지역과 다수의 저발전지역의 산포 등으로 다소 복잡한 양상을 보여주고 있다. HDI지수를 종속변수로 한 회귀분석은 인구규모, 자본투자, 산업생산에서의 산업, 건설, 서비스부분이 차지하는 비중, 그리고 교육지수 등이 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 이번 분석의 결과는 다른 생산영역의 활성화로 지역격차문제에 있어 자원영역의 영향이 감소하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또한 지방정부의 예산 집행에 따라 HDI 성과가 다르게 나타나기도 한다는 점과 지방자치가 HDI와 마이너스 상관관계에 있다는 점은 지방정부의 재정운영능력 향상과 함께 중앙-지방정부 간의 정책적 조율을 통해 경제적 효율성을 제고할 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.

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