Ecotoxicological effect of fenitrothion on Trissolcus nigripedius (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) an egg parasitoid of Dolycoris baccarum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Trissolcus nigripedius Nakagawa (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an egg parasitoid of Dolycoris baccarum L.
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a polyphagous insect pest of many crops. Application of chemical insecticides is
the most common control method against stink bugs in soybean. As a part of studies to investigate the
potential of T. nigripedius as a biocontrol agent of D. baccarum, we assessed ecotoxicological effects of
fenitrothion on T. nigripedius. The acute toxicity of fenitrothion was compared with five pesticides by topical
application, exposure to residue, and oral ingestion in field recommended rate. Fenitrothion, spinosad, and
milbemectin caused 100% mortality within 24 h by topical application or exposure to residue. Fenitrothion
was also highly toxic to T. nigripedius when ingested. T. nigripedius was less susceptible to thiamethoxam a
neonicotinoid insecticide in topical application or exposure to residue than oral ingestion. Sublethal effects of
fenitrothion on T. nigripedius were also assessed. Emergence rate was significantly reduced in the insecticide
treatments at 4 and 6 days after the parasitization. The proportion of inviable eggs increased when
fenitrothion was applied before the parasitization, but was not affected when it was applied after the
parasitization. Since higher proportion of males emerged from the host eggs sprayed with the fenitrothion,
the female parasitoid may be more susceptible to the insecticide. Furthermore, T. nigripedius progeny that
emerged from host eggs exposed to fenitrothion parasitized fewer host eggs. Therefore, for the conservation
of T. nigripedius as a biological control agent of D. baccarum, use of fenitrothion should be minimized.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Trissolcus nigripedius Nakagawa (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an egg parasitoid of Dolycoris baccarum L.
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a polyphagous insect pest of many crops. Application of chemical insecticides is
the most common control method against stink bugs in soybean. As a part of studies to investigate the
potential of T. nigripedius as a biocontrol agent of D. baccarum, we assessed ecotoxicological effects of
fenitrothion on T. nigripedius. The acute toxicity of fenitrothion was compared with five pesticides by topical
application, exposure to residue, and oral ingestion in field recommended rate. Fenitrothion, spinosad, and
milbemectin caused 100% mortality within 24 h by topical application or exposure to residue. Fenitrothion
was also highly toxic to T. nigripedius when ingested. T. nigripedius was less susceptible to thiamethoxam a
neonicotinoid insecticide in topical application or exposure to residue than oral ingestion. Sublethal effects of
fenitrothion on T. nigripedius were also assessed. Emergence rate was significantly reduced in the insecticide
treatments at 4 and 6 days after the parasitization. The proportion of inviable eggs increased when
fenitrothion was applied before the parasitization, but was not affected when it was applied after the
parasitization. Since higher proportion of males emerged from the host eggs sprayed with the fenitrothion,
the female parasitoid may be more susceptible to the insecticide. Furthermore, T. nigripedius progeny that
emerged from host eggs exposed to fenitrothion parasitized fewer host eggs. Therefore, for the conservation
of T. nigripedius as a biological control agent of D. baccarum, use of fenitrothion should be minimized.

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