부산신항 공사가 수달의 활동 변화에 미치는 영향 = Construction Works at the Busan New Port on the Activity of Otters

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To know the effect of construction works at the Busan New Port on the activity of otters, changes in the distribution of spraints were investigated at 5 areas(I-V) composed of 16 locations in 12 islands from 2003 to 2011. There were significant differences among the density of spraints at each area(P=0.0502), at each year(P=0.0040) and at each area during the study period(P=0.0005). The densities of spraints in the areasⅡ(P=0.000) and Ⅳ(P=0.012) were significantly different according to whether the construction work was carried out or not at each area. It was found that the density of spraints in each area was affected by the disturbance with construction works or other factors inside and/or outside the area. The average density of spraints of the 5 areas had changed according to the process of the construction works as follows. In 2003-2005 when the construction work was proceeded mainly at the area Ⅳ, the average density of spraints of the 5 areas as well as the density in the area Ⅱ increased annually, whereas the densities in the other 4 areas were low and relatively constant. This fact suggests that otters might have moved into the area Ⅱ from outside the study area. In 2006-2009 when the construction works were carried out on a larger scale at the areas I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, there was a little decrease in the average density of spraints during the latter two years, suggesting a little decrease in the activity of otters in the study area. As regards the density of spraints at each area, it decreased considerably in the area Ⅱ, but increased fairly in the areas Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Accordingly it was indicated that otters in the area Ⅱ where the construction work was carried out since 2006 might have moved into the area Ⅳ with no work, and otters inhabiting the Jeodo, Geoje city, where the construction work was carried out at that time, might have moved into the area Ⅲ with no work at the sea shore. In 2010-2011 when the construction works were conducted at all the areas on a fairly large scale, the average density of spraints of the 5 areas as well as the densities in the areas Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, decreased considerably compared to the those in the year 2009. This fact clearly indicates that the number of otters decreased owing to the multiple simultaneous works in this period. In conclusion, otters must be affected by the construction works at the study area, and their numbers might be decreased mainly due to the multiple simultaneous works, as well as by the long-term works resulting in the decrease of seashore, marine pollution, and reducing prey available.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

부산신항만 공사가 수달의 활동 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 부산신항만 인근에 위치하는 12개 섬의 16개 지역을 다섯 영역(I~V)으로 나누어 2003년부터 2011년까지 수달의 배설물 분포 변화를 조사하였다. 각 영역 간 배설물 밀도(P=0.0502), 각 연도 별 배설물 밀도(P=0.0040) 및 조사 기간의 영역별 배설물 밀도(P=0.0005)에 유의적인 차이가 있었고, Ⅱ 및 Ⅳ영역에서는 공사 진행 여부에 따라 배설물 밀도에 유의적인 차이를 보였다(Ⅱ, P=0.000; Ⅳ, P=0.012). 각 영역별로 총 배설물 밀도 변화를 보면 모든 영역의 배설물 밀도는 각 영역 내 공사 및 영역 밖의 교란 요인에 의해서 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 한편 다섯 영역의 평균 배설물 밀도를 공사의 진행 정도와 관련시켜서 비교하면 다음의 세 기간으로 구분된다. 우선, 주로 Ⅳ영역에서 공사가 진행되었던 2003년~2005년에는 평균 배설물 밀도가 매년 증가했으며, 특히 Ⅱ영역에서 크게 증가했다. 그러나 나머지 네 영역에서는 배설물 밀도가 낮고 큰 변화가 없었던 점으로부터 본 조사지역 밖의 공사 지역에서 활동하던 수달이 Ⅱ영역으로 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, 및 Ⅲ영역에서 공사가 활발히 진행되었던 2006년~2009년에는 평균 배설물 밀도가 후반부에 약간 감소하여 수달의 활동이 약간 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 배설물 밀도가 Ⅱ영역에서는 감소한 반면, Ⅲ 및 Ⅳ영역에서는 증가하였는데, 이로부터 2006년부터 공사가 지속되었던 Ⅱ영역에서 활동하던 수달이 공사가 없었던 Ⅳ영역으로 이동했으며, 거제시 저도에서 활동하던 수달이 그곳의 공사로 인하여 인접한 Ⅲ영역으로 이동해 온 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 모든 영역에 걸쳐 거의 동시에 공사가 활발히 진행되었던 2010년과 2011년에는 평균 배설물 밀도가 2009년에 비해 상당히 감소했고, 특히 Ⅱ, Ⅲ 및 Ⅳ영역에서는 2009년에 비해 2011년에 크게 감소한 점으로부터, 이 기간 중에는 동시 다발적으로 진행된 공사로 인해서 수달 개체 수가 크게 감소한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이상, 본 연구에서 수달은 공사의 영향을 받았음이 확인되었고 이들의 개체 수가 감소한 중요한 원인은 동시다발적인 해안 공사이며, 장기적인 공사에 의한 해안의 감소, 수질오염에 의한 먹이 감소 등도 관련한 것으로 생각된다.

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