영국의 대(對)부탄 정책, 1971-1990 = British Policy Towards Bhutan, 1971-1990

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1971년 유엔에 가입한 부탄이 그동안 고집해오던 고립외교에서 본격적으로 벗어나면서 영국의 원조 확장을 요청하자 영국 외무부는 부탄의 대(對)인도 의존도를 줄이고 남아시아 지역의 안정화를 도모하기 위하여 대(對)부탄 원조 증대의 필요성을 주장하였다. 그러나 영국의 대외원조를 총괄하는 해외개발청은 교육 원조를 총괄할 영국문화원의 비협조, 원조로 제공될 차량의 용도의 불확실성, 민간 자원봉사단에 대한 관리의 어려움 등을 이유로 들어 난색을 표했다. 이에 외무부가 해외개발청 관리들로 하여금 부탄을 직접 방문하게 하여 현지를 둘러보게 보고 부탄 고위관리들을 만나 상황 설명을 듣게 함으로써 해외개발청의 방침의 변화를 꾀하였으나, 해외개발청은 자금 부족을 이유로 들어 증대 불가 입장을 고수하였다. 더구나 1975년부터 인도가 부탄의 원조제공국에 대한 경계를 강화하면서 부탄을 돕고자 한 외교관들의 입지는 더욱 위축되었다. 이에 1987년 초에 부탄 정부가 국영항공사인 드룩에어가 사용할 단거리 이착륙기 항공기 한 대를 브리티시에어로스페이스로부터 구매하고자 하는 의향을 타진하자, 영국 정부는 법적 구속력이 없는 경제협력개발기구의 항공기 구매 원조 불가 협정을 들어 재정적인 도움을 줄 수 없다는 입장을 피력하는 등 부탄을 적극적으로 도와주기를 거리끼는 모습을 보여주었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When Bhutan came out of her postwar isolation with her entry into the United Nations in 1971 asked for an increase in British aid, the Foreign Office argued for the necessity of acquiescing to this request in order to reduce Bhutan’s reliance on India and thus stabilise the political situation in South Asia. But the Overseas Development Administration, which then oversaw British aid policy, was reluctant to agree to this demand due to the uncooperative attitude of the British Council, the uncertainty as to how the automobiles that were to be provided as aid would be used, and the practical difficulties of supervising civilian volunteers who would be sent to the area. The Foreign Office attempted to change the ODA’s stance on the matter by inviting ODA officials concerned to Bhutan to observe the country for themselves and to meet with high-ranking Bhutanese officials. But the ODA, citing financial problems, refused to budge on the issue. In addition to such resistance from the ODA, the strengthening of Indian animosity towards foreign aid to Bhutan from 1975 meant that the Foreign Office’s inclination to provide aid to Bhutan weakened considerably. Consequently, when the Bhutanese government asked for British government assistance in purchasing a short-haul airliner from British Aerospace for use by Drukair, the Foreign Office demonstrated their reluctance to assist Bhutan by citing OECD guidelines – a non-binding agreement between member states – as the reason for the British government’s inability to provide financial support for Bhutan’s purchase of a British-made airliner.

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