배관 유동의 주요 변수계산을 위한 소프트웨어 시스템의 개발 = Software Package for Pipe Hydraulics Calculation for Single and Two Phase Flow

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In various industrial processes, piping serves as a link between unit processes and is an essential installation for internal flow. Therefore, the optimum design of the piping system is very important in terms of safety and cost, which requires the estimation of the pressure drop, flow rate, pipe size, etc. in the piping system. In this study, we developed a software that determines pressure drop, flow rate, and pipe size when any two of these design variables are known. We categorized the flows into single phase, homogeneous two phase, and separated two phase flows, and applied suitable calculation models accordingly. We also constructed a system library for the calculation of the pipe material, relative roughness, fluid property, and friction coefficients to minimize user input. We further created a costing library according to the piping material for the calculation of the investment cost of the pipe per unit length. We implemented all these functions in an integrated environment using a graphical user interface for user convenience, and C # programming language. Finally, we verified the accuracy of the software using literature data and examples from an industrial process with obtained deviations of 1% and 8.8% for the single phase and two-phase models.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

다양한 산업 공정에서 배관은 각 단위공정 사이의 연결 매개체의 역할을 하며, 내부의 유동에 있어 필수적인 장치이다. 따라서 배관의 최적설계는 안전과 비용의 측면에서 매우 중요한 문제이며, 설계 시 필수적인 사항은 배관 내 압력강하 및 유속, 배관 지름 등을 결정하는 일이다. 본 연구에서는 배관 지름 및 유속이 정해졌을 때 발생하는 압력강하, 배관의 압력강하 및 유속이 정해졌을 때의 배관 지름, 배관 지름 및 압력강하가 정해졌을 때의 유속을 결정하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 배관 내 유동을 단일 상 흐름, 균질 2 상 유동, 분리 2 상 유동으로 구분하였으며 이에 따라적절한 계산 모델을 적용하였다. 파이프의 재질 및 상대 거칠기, 유체의 물성치, 마찰계수의 계산을 위한 시스템 라이브러리를 구축하여 사용자의 입력을 최소화하였다. 배관 재질에 따른 가격 라이브러리를 구축하여 단위 길이당 배관투자 비용의 산출을 가능하도록 구성하였다. 이러한 모든 기능은 사용자 편의를 위한 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 이용한 통합 환경에서 구현할 수 있으며, C# 언어를 개발 언어로 사용하였다. 소프트웨어의 정확도를 문헌 자료와 실 수행 과제의 예제를 통하여 검증하였으며 단일 상의 경우 1% 미만, 2 상의 경우 최고 8.8% 정도의 차이를 보였으며, 이에 따라 개발된 소프트웨어가 실제 공정의 계산에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 "https://www.slideshare.net/ajaytiwari35574/96326047-processdescriptionoglpgtrain4"
• 2 "https://www.plumbingsupply.com/copperpipe.html"
• 3 "https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-engineering/fluid-dynamics/major-head-loss-friction-loss/relative-roughness-of-pipe/"
• 4 "https://www.hitechoverseas.com/jindal-ss-304-pipes-price-list.html"
• 5 "https://www.grainger.com/category/plumbing/pipe-tubing-andfittings/pipe"
• 6 "https://www.globaltecheng.com/ProductCart/pc/Pipe-c13.htm? pageStyle=l&ProdSort=1&page=25&idCategory=13&SFID=&SFNAME=&SFVID=&SFVALUE=&SFCount=-1&viewAll=yes"
• 7 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle"
• 8 "https://archiveweb.epfl.ch/ltcm.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/ltcm/files/shared/import/migration/COURSES/TwoPhaseFlowsAnd-HeatTransfer/Chapter%2013%20Solutions.pdf"
• 9 Yin, J. M., "Single-Phase Pressure Drop Measurements in a Microchannel Heat Exchanger" 23 : 3-12, 2002
• 10 Lockhart, R. W., "Proposed Correlation of Data for Isothermal Two-phase, Two-component Flow in Pipe" 45 (45): 39-48, 1945
• 11 Chisholm, D., "Pressure Gradients Due to Friction during the Flow of Evaporating Two-Phase Mixtures in Smooth Tubes and Channels" 16 : 347-358, 1973
• 12 Oluji´c, Z., "Predicting Two-phase Flow Friction Loss in Horizontal Pipes" 92 (92): 45-50, 1985
• 13 Hamad, F. A., "Investigation of Pressure Drop in horizontal pipes with different diameters" 91 : 120-128, 2017
• 14 Hamad, F. A., "Investigation of Pressure Drop in Horizontal Pipes with Different Diameters" 91 : 120-128, 2017
• 15 Gronnerud, R., "Investigation of Liquid Hold-up, Flow-resistance and Heat Transfer in Circulation Type of Evaporators, Part iv:Two-phase Flow Resistance in Boiling Refrigerans" 127-138, 1979
• 16 Friedel, L., "Improved Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Two-Phase Pipe Flow" 1979
• 17 Neeraj Agrawal, "Homogeneous Versus Separated Two Phase Flow Models: Adiabatic Capillary Tube Flow in a Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump" 47 : 1555-1562, 2008
• 18 Cihang Lu, "Frictional Pressure Drop Analysis for Horizontal and Vertical Airwater Two-phase Flows in Different Pipe Sizes" 332 : 147-148, 2018
• 19 Frank M. White, "Fluid Mechanics" McGraw-Hill 372-373, 2011
• 20 J Mreno Quiben, "Experimental and Analytical Study of Twophase Pressure Drops During Evaporation in Horizontal Tubes" EPFL 2005
• 21 Ali Celen, "Experimental Analysis of the Single Phase Pressure Drop Characteristics of Smooth and Microfin Tubes" 46 : 58-66, 2013
• 22 John R. Thome, "Engineering Data Book III" Wolverine Tube, Inc 1-10,
• 23 Awad, M. M., "Effective Property Models for Homogeneous Two-phase Flow" 33 : 106-108, 2008
• 24 Bandel, J., "Druckverlust und Wärmeübergang bei der Verdampfung Siedender Kältemittel im Druchströmten Waagerechten Rohr" 45 (45): 345-436, 1973
• 25 Hart, J., "Correlations Predicting Frictional Pressure Drop and Liquid Holdup During Horizontal Gas-liquid Pipe Flow with a Small Liquid Holdup" 15 : 947-964, 1989
• 26 William M. Deen, "Cambridge Series In Chemical Engineering" 30-46, 2016
• 27 Bankoff, S. G., "A Variable Density Single-Fluid Model for Two-Phase Flow with Particular Reference to Steam-Water Flow" 82 (82): 265-272, 1960
• 28 Lee, S., "A Study on 2-Phase Flow in the LNG Pipeline" 153-154, 1998
• 29 Beattie, D. R. H., "A Simple Two-phase Frictional Pressure Drop Calculation Method" 8 : 83-87, 1982
• 30 Muller-Steinhagen, H., "A Simple Friction Pressure Correlation for Two-phase Flow in Pipes" 20 : 297-308, 1986