타인의 고통에 대한 도덕적 의사결정의 개인차: 타인 조망수용과 인지유형 = Emotional and cognitive response to the pain of others: Perspective taking and cognitive style

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recent work in moral psychology is focused on questions about utilitarianism (i.e., saving more people’s lives) and deontology (i.e., disapproving of sacrificing one person for the greater good of others). This study aimed to answer two questions. First, which individual differences in emotional and cognitive processes have a critical impact on utilitarian and deontological judgments? Second, do cognitive styles facilitate a specific moral judgment? In Study 1, various moral dilemma scenarios were presented and the participants had to indicate how morally appropriate it would be for them to kill one person to save others. In addition, they completed a self-report questionnaire regarding empathic empathic concern, perspective-taking, need for cognition and moral identity. The results revealed that participants with preferences for utilitarian judgments showed lower perspective-taking than other participants. In Study 2, the findings revealed the relationship between verbalizer-visualizer cognitive styles and utilitarian judgments. The visualizer cognitive styles showed reduced utilitarian judgments. These results implicated the possibility that reduced empathy (i.e. perspective taking) and the verbalizer cognitive style regulated the automatic emotional process and resulted in increased utilitarian judgements. Finally, limitations of this study and future work were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 도덕심리학에서는 다수의 이득을 극대화하려는 공리주의적 결정과 소수의 희생일지라도 무고한 개인을 희생시키는 것에 반대하는 의무론적 결정에 대해 관심이 모아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 타인에게 해를 끼치는 위해의 상황에서 인지적/정서적 측면의 개인차가 개인들의 윤리적 의사결정에 끼치는 영향을 비교하는데 있다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 참가자들에게 다양한 윤리적 갈등상황에 대한 글을 제시하고, 주인공의 행동이 도덕적으로 적절하다고 판단하는 정도를 찬성/반대로 응답하도록 하였다. 또한 개인의 타인조망수용과 타인에 대한 공감적 염려를 자기보고식 질문지로 측정하였다. 그 결과 개인적/비개인적 상황에서 모두 공리주의적 결정을 선호하는 집단에서 타인조망수용의 경향이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 연구2에서는 윤리적 의사결정과 인지유형(어휘적 표상 vs. 시각적 심상)의 개인차를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 시각적 표상경향이 높을수록 공리주의적 결정이 낮아지는 경향성이 나타났다. 논의에서는 윤리적 갈등상황에서 정서와 인지가 개입하는 과정을 토론하였고, 연구의 한계점과 후속연구의 방향에 대해 다루었다.

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