Non-native acquisition of phonological features: Evidence from Korean and English consonants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The interplay between contrastive and allophonic features in language learning is investigated in terms of the consonantal features of aspiration and voicing in the English words produced by native Korean speakers in comparison with Korean words produced by native English speakers. Aspiration is a phonemic feature in Korean but allophonic in English, while voicing is a phonemic feature in English but allophonic in Korean. To do this, the English words trainer, drainer and strainer were produced by 42 native Korean speaker learners, while the Korean words tteoyo, deureoyo, and teogiya were produced by 26 native English speaker learners of Korean. Then, these non-native speech productions were recorded and played for evaluation by native speaker listeners. The results have shown that the listeners identified more instances of strainer as *trainer than *drainer, and tteoyo as *deoyo than as *teoyo before instructions, but more as *teoyo than as *deoyo after instruction. The results indicate that learners do not have an acquisition order among the phonemic features of the target language and their native language. In concrete, the L2 English speakers used the L2 voicing feature rather than the L1 aspiration feature in learning the English word strainer, while the L2 Korean speakers used the L2 aspiration feature before instruction and the L1 voicing feature after instruction to learn the Korean word tteoyo. These results do not support the views in literature that non-native acquisition is dependent upon L1 phonological features with possible reranking due to proficiency increase (Hanchin-Bhatt and Bhatt 1997), nor that an L2 phonological feature that is phonemic in the target language and allophonic in the native language is more easily acquired compared to the case where the L1 phonological feature is phonemic in the native language and allophonic in the target language (Han 2009). On the other hand, the results are compatible to the views in literature that the phonological features in the native language facilitate the acquisition of L2 phonemes (Brown 2000) and that the phonological features in the target language plays no role in the acquisition of L2 phonemes (Flege and Port 1981).

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