大邱市의 工業 硏究 : 第1部 大邱 工業의 構造 = An Industrial Analysis of Taegu City
저자
洪慶姬 (경북대학교)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1968
작성언어
Korean
KDC
300.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
203-243(41쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Ⅰ. Introduction.
1. Purpose of study.
To form a link in the chain of national and regional planning city development has been brisk and the implementation of the first five year plan has enlarged urban functions.
Accordingly, most leading cities have not only been striving in passive city planning such as the solving of housing shortages, provision of traffic networks and water systems, and expansion of social welfare facilities, but also have had to exert themselves to build up a firm foundation for industrial development which is the basis of modern urban growth.
Because of its inland location and essentially local nature. Taegu, though the third largest city in South Korea, has been slow in its industrial development compared with Seoul, Pusan, and other coastal cities.
However, in view of 1) the national development program for the purpose of effectively developing national resources and settling gaps of employment and income between regions, 2) strategy and 3) traditional situation of Taegu as the leading city in Yong Nam, the fostering of Taegu city as a standard inland industrial city is required.
Prior to the active industrial development of Taegu, full and exact knowledge of the actual status of Taegu industry as a whole is urgently needed. It is unfortunate that no basic and systematic study of Taegu industry has been made except for a few fragmentary investigations. Such being the case, this study intends by basic and systematic study, to find out the actual status, characteristics and related problems of Taegu industry in order to find out the orientation of development and provide basic information for establishing a reasonable industrial development plan, together with clarifying a phase of Korean urban industry through the analysis of the case of Taegu.
2. Method of study.
This study was actually made as of the end of 1963, making use primarily of various statistics. Of the statistical materials "Directory of Taegu Manufacturing Industry" and "Inquiry cards compiled by Taegu City Industrial Section" were mostly used. As to the parts for which no information was available, the results of questionnaires distributed to forty five representative enterprises selected in accordance with appropriate criteria were used, together with field study. In the meantime, the results of a nationwide industrial census were used for comparison. Major changes since 1963 and not covered in this study are outlined in the attached table.
Ⅱ. Contents of Study
Major contents of the analysis are as follows:
1. position of Taegu industry
(1) position in the industry of the nation
a. in view of number of plants, number of employees, and output
b. in view of the percentage of industrial population in the total work force.
c. in view of "locational quotient"
d. in view of each industrial group
(2) importance of industry to the economic base of the city
2. industrial structure
(1) structure by group.
a. number of plants by group
b. number of workers by group
c. outputs by group
d. specialized industry in Taegu
(2) structure by size
a. categories of plants according to number of workers
b. categories of workers according to size of plants
c. characteristrics of industrial scale in view of number of plants and workers
3. process of industrial development
(1) 1st period (1910-1925): transplantation of new industry
(2) 2nd period (1926-1934): establishment of industrial basis
(3) 3rd period (1935-1945. 8.15): industrialization
(4) 4th period (1945. 8.15.-1950. 6.25): industrial stagnation
(5) 5th period (1950.6.25- ): industrial jumping
4. distribution
(1) distribution by "Ku" and "Dong"
(2) distribution by industrial group
a. textile industry
b. food industry
c. beverage industry
d. wood & timber industry
e. furniture industry
f. paper & paper products industry
g. publishing industry
h. leather & leather products industry
i. rubber products industry
j. chemicals & chemical products industry
1. clay, glass & stone products industry
m. basic metal industry
n. metal products industry
o. machinery industry
p. electrical machinery industry
q. transport equipment industry
r. other industry
(3) major industrial area
a. northern industrial complex
b. western home industry area
c. Seungseu-Wolbe new industrial complex
d. readjustment of industrial area
(4) characteristics of Taegu industry in terms of distribution
5. locatoin facters and related problems
(1) major location factors materials
a. raw materials
b. market
c. transportation
d. labor
e. plant site
f. water
g. electricity
h. fuel
i. capital
(2) favorable and unfavorable location factors
(3)examination of pertinent industries for Taegu
a. industries suited in view of location factors
b. industries prepared for future population increase
c. industries suited for an inland industrial city
d. industries favorable for export
(4) plant manager's view of industrial location in Taegu
6. analysis of major Taegu industries by group
(1) textile industry
(2) machinery industry
(3) chemical industry
(4) primary metal industry
(5) metal industry
Ⅲ. Conclusion.
1. Characteristics and related major problems of Taegu industry.
The characteristics and related major problems of Taegu industry revealed through the above analysis are as follows:
1) As of 1963, Taegu holds 6.6% of the nation's industrial bodies, 10.8% of the employees, and 7.6% of the industrial output, thus holding an important position in the industry of the nation. In view of the percentage of industrial population Taegu ranks first (29.4% in 1960 census) among twenty seven cities of the country, on the other hand, a higher percentage of people are employed in industry in Taegu city. In addition industry provides more than one third of the municipal taxes which shows that industry plays a major rose in the development of Taegu city.
2) Around 1930 when industry began to develop through the transplantation of new industries after Korea's annexation to Japan (1910), Taegu established its industrial basis and took the shape of an industrial city after the Sino-Japan War. Except for the short lagging period between the liberation and the Korean War, Taegu's industrial base has been developing at a considerable rate.
The development of Taegu's industry can be divided into the following stages;
First stage: Transplantation of new industry (1910-1925) Amidst the intermixed existence of the traditional handicrafts and the new-style industries the silk-reeling industry was in full swing as a major industry.
Second stage: Establishing the basis of industry (1926-1934) Affected by the general industrialization of the nation industry was developed smoothly and tobacco and silk-reel ing industries appeared.
Third stage: Industrialization (1935-1945 August 15 Liberation) The textile industry was further expanded and the foundation for a textile city was consolidated, along with the rise of such industries as food processing, chemical, machinery etc. This stage shows multiplication of industrial structure.
Fourth stage: Stagnation of industry (August 15 Liberation-June 25 1950 Korean War) Because of the disorder of the post-liberation period industrial growth was stagnant.
Fifth stage: Take-off of industrial development (June 25 Korean War-the end of 1963) Taking advantage of the industrialization of the nation after June 25 1950 a total of 823 factories corresponding to 74% of the total factories in Taegu, were newly built in modern style.
3) Taegu depends heavily on the textile industry as the sole special industry. In short the textile industry holds two thirds of Taegu industry and one third of the nation's-the largest in the country. However, heavy reliance on the fibre industry may check the development of other industries and weaken the economic foundation of Taegu. Moreover, the development of the textile industry in other leading cities of the country might seriously weaken the exclusive position of the Taegu textile industry and bring about the collapse of the economic basis of Taegu since it depends so heavily on the one industry.
4) Small and medium enterprises are overwhelming. About 99% of the plants and three fourths of the employees are in this category and the growth is typical of small and medium industries.
Most of these enterprises are small & inefficiently managed and there is no link with larger enterprises.
Many of them have insufficient funds to enable them to become viable production units
5) Over two thirds of Taegu industry is light industry, the products of which are mostly consumer goods. As the heavy chemical industries in the coastal and Kyung-in areas begin to develop Taegu's position as a light industrial city will become clearer and this might cause the city to become a degraded local light industrial city.
6) Taegu is favourably situated for industrial development as regards labor force, transportation, the traditional market system, provision of agricultural raw materials and consumers' market. In addition, plant sites and industrial water conditions are foreseen as favourable in the near future. On the other hand, the unfavourable sides of Taegu's location for industry can be seen in that Taegu is an inland city a long way from the coast, remote from coal and other major underground resources, and lacks the balanced development of related industries. The city's purely local function and its extreme climate are other disadvantages which check the development of heavy chemical industry.
Possibilites for developing industry in Taegu.
1) In terms of the above characteristics of the industrial situation
2) the providing for the anticipated increase of urban population
3) the national land development, and
4) the fostering of exporting industry, textile industry, metal, food, and all kinds of machinery industries are recommended.
Among others the textile industry provides itself with every condition to be a basic industry in Taegu, not only at present, but in the future, if it is considered that the improvement of group structure, the expansion of scale of operations, and the development of related machinery industry should be followed for more development.
7) (a) Because of the delay in forming an industrial complex, factories in Taegu are scatteres fairly evenly throughout the city. 80% of the factories are situated in the residential area and 26.8% are in the heart of the city, which could be harmful to the development of the city and industry, (b) In the meantime, there is a tendency for plants to expand towards the outskirts. After the liberation the western home industrial area became the center of such a development with new plants continually being built, (c) Large-scale plants are concentrated in the northern district but in all other areas the small and medium industries are overwhelming, (d) It is also noticed that the heavy industries - metal, machinery and transportation equipment plants arc concentrated along the railway.
8) Compared with Seoul and Pusan, Taegu is characterized by its dominance of a basic industry which aims at finding a market outside the city rather than within.
2. The main object of this study does not lie in establishing development policies for Taegu industry. However, by synthesing the results of the study, the following points could be used as the basis of specific development policy making.
1) solution of problems faced.
The common problems hindering the development of Taegu industry are, in order of importance 1) shortage of raw materials, 2) shortage of funds, 3) narrowness of market, 4) high taxation. These four major problems are not faced by Taegu only. However, considering the fact that Taegu is local inland city less favoured in many ways than Seoul and Pusan, they are relatively even more significant to Taegu and urgent measures by the pertinent authority are needed to solve them.
2) a) Developments should be geared to Taegu's inland position and make use of the geographical features. The city's geographical conditions are unfavourable for the development of a heavy chemical industry because of the transport handicap as an inland city and the shortage of mineral resources in the hinterland, but favourable for industries which depends on a large labor supply and market.
The stress laid on the development of the Kyung-in area and coastal industries cities shown the second 5 year plan should be reviewed from the point of view of overall development and from the strategic view point. With this in mind, Taegu, the largest inland city, should be developed as the standard industrial city. Accordingly, the basic industries to be developed in Taegu should be textiles and their related machinery industries.
b) The over concentration of small and medium industries is one of the problems of Taegu city. However, since small and medium industries play a great part in the industry of Korea, the necessity of developing them in Taegu is urgent. By doing this a clue to solving the problems involved in small and medium enterprises in Korea can be found in Taegu.
c) The fostering of Taegu as the core industrial city in the Yongnam area.
Taegu has a vast hinterland in the Yongnam area, including the whole Naktong River-basin. Taegu has been, and will continue to be the traditional central city of the area. Now that the development of the Yongnam area is being positively pushed on, Taegu's function as a strategic city should be strengthened and industries enabling Yongnam to become self supporting should be fostered.
d) Fostering Taegu as an industrial city connected with the Pohang and Ulsan industrial areas.
The advent of the Pohang Steel Mill and the Ulsan Chemical gave vitality to the long stagnant Taegu industry and forces an inevitable change in its constitution. Taegu now has the chance to build a foundation as a supporting base for the heavy chemical industries and to develop related industries, and should make plans to do this.
3) Scheme for the achievement of the target suggested.
ⅰ) Readjustment of the industrial basis
A. Readjustment of land transportation
B. Development of industral sites and water projects.
ⅱ) Redistribution of work between the various sizes of enterprises
ⅲ) Planned inducement of related industries.
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