사회복지전담공무원의 외상사건 및 스트레스 대처방식과 외상후스트레스증상 관련성 = Relationship between Traumatic Events, Stress Coping Strategies and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Social Workers in Public Sector

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives Social workers can suffer from occupational stress resulting from dealing with clients, which might lead to metal health problems. We aimed to investigate the association of duty-related traumatic experiences and stress coping strategies with post-traumatic stress symptoms among social workers in public sector. Methods A total of 110 social workers in public sector (men 30.9%, $36.5{\pm}7.6$ yrs) participated in this study. All subjects were evaluated the frequency and the impact of duty-related traumatic events. Additionally, they completed questionnaires including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for post-traumatic stress symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation for suicide symptoms and the Ways of Coping Checklist for stress coping strategies. Results The most frequent traumatic events were "Violent or abusive language from a client" (95.0%) and "Client made a fuss" (94.5%). The most distressing traumatic event was "Seeing a dead body on duty" (7.6 out of 10), which predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio 4.04 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-9.11). Among 4 types of stress coping strategies, the emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms after controlling age and sex (${\beta}$ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions Social workers in public sector showed high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Duty-related traumatic events and the emotional-focused coping strategies were associated with the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The modification of stress coping strategies would alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in social workers in public sector.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 은헌정, "한국판 사건충격척도 수정판의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 44 (44): 303-310, 2005
• 2 성형모, "한국어판 백 우울 설문지 2판의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구" 대한생물치료정신의학회 14 (14): 201-212, 2008
• 3 정혜숙, "클라이언트 폭력의 직․간접 경험이 아동보호전문기관 사회복지사의 클라이언트 폭력에 대한 정서적 반응과 태도에 미치는 영향" 한국사회복지행정학회 14 (14): 227-251, 2012
• 4 성정환, "일차진료에서 문제음주자 선별을 위한 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C)의 타당도 조사" 대한가정의학회 30 (30): 695-702, 2009
• 5 김봉명, "소방공무원의 외상 후 스트레스, 대처방식, 해리 경험의 관계" 대한불안의학회 7 (7): 29-33, 2011
• 6 성희자, "사회복지사의 직무긴장, 소진 및 이직의도와의 관계" 한국직업능력개발원 14 (14): 177-200, 2011
• 7 윤명숙, "사회복지사의 외상경험과 외상 후 스트레스장애의관계에 미치는 사회적 지지의 조절효과" 한국정신보건사회복지학회 41 (41): 174-200, 2013
• 8 Koritsas S, "Workplace volence towards social workers: The Australian experience" 40 : 257-271, 2010
• 9 Charlton PF, "Ways of coping with psychological distress after trauma" 35 (35): 517-530, 1996
• 10 Buckley P, "Violence at work: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey" HSE 2011
• 11 van der Kolk BA, "The psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder" 58 (58): 16-24, 1997
• 12 Mol SS, "Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after non-traumatic events: evidence from an open population study" 186 : 494-499, 2005
• 13 Cho SC, "Survey of client violence and safety scheme in social workers" Korea Association of Social Workers 35-218, 2012
• 14 Aldwin CM, "Stress, coping, and development: an integrative perspective" Guilford Press 2007
• 15 Liberman AM, "Routine occupational stress and psychological distress in police" 25 : 421-439, 2002
• 16 Lim HK, "Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised" 50 : 385-390, 2009
• 17 Lee CH, "Relations of perceived stress, cognitive set, and coping behaviors to depressidn: a focus on Freshmen’s stress experiences" 1 : 25-45, 1988
• 18 Kwon YC, "Psychological characteristics of PTSD symptoms among police officers" Chungbuk National University 2012
• 19 Park ME, "Prevalence and Characteristics of Client Violence toward Mental Health Social Workers" 23 : 349-371, 2007
• 20 Chang CM, "Posttraumatic distress and coping strategies among rescue workers after an earthquake" 191 : 391-398, 2003
• 21 Spurrell MT, "Post-traumatic stress disorder and coping after a natural disaster" 28 : 194-200, 1993
• 22 de Bruijn C, "Post-traumatic stress disorder after life events" 188 : 394-395, 2006
• 23 Christiansen DM, "Parents bereaved by infant death: PTSD symptoms up to 18 years after the loss" 35 : 605-611, 2013
• 24 Chang CM, "Modification effects of coping on post-traumatic morbidity among earthquake rescuers" 158 : 164-171, 2008
• 25 Pruchno RA, "Mental health of caregiving spouses: coping as mediator, moderator, or main effect?" 4 : 454-463, 1989
• 26 Beck AT, "Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II"
• 27 Weinberg M, "Forgiveness, coping, and terrorism: do tendency to forgive and coping strategies associate with the level of posttraumatic symptoms of injured victims of terror attacks?" 70 : 693-703, 2014
• 28 Corneil W, "Exposure to traumatic incidents and prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban firefighters in two countries" 4 : 131-141, 1999
• 29 Lazarus RS, "Emotions and interpersonal relationships: toward a person-centered conceptualization of emotions and coping" 74 : 9-46, 2006
• 30 Choi HK, "Effects of traumatic events on posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, physical symptoms, and social and occupational functions in Korean firefighters" Ajou University 2010
• 31 Folkman S, "Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes" 50 : 992-1003, 1986
• 32 Robinson HM, "Duty-related stressors and PTSD symptoms in suburban police officers" 81 (81): 835-845, 1997
• 33 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5" American Psychiatric Association 2013
• 34 Shen AC, "Dating violence and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Taiwanese college students: the roles of cultural beliefs" 29 : 635-658, 2014
• 35 Adams RE, "Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers: a validation study" 76 : 103-108, 2006
• 36 van der Kolk BA, "Clinical implications of neuroscience research in PTSD" 1071 : 277-293, 2006
• 37 Pitman RK, "Clarifying the origin of biological abnormalities in PTSD through the study of identical twins discordant for combat exposure" 1071 : 242-254, 2006
• 38 Zeidner M, "Children’s affective reactions and coping under threat of missile attack: a semiprojective assessment procedure" 60 : 435-457, 1993
• 39 Krause ED, "Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: a longitudinal study" 21 : 83-90, 2008
• 40 Mikulincer M, "Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: the impact of the Gulf War in Israel" 64 : 817-826, 1993
• 41 Weiss DS, "Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD" Guilford Press 399-411, 1997
• 42 Folkman S, "An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample" 21 : 219-239, 1980
• 43 Park H, "A study on a client violence experienced social worker’s post traumatic stress: focused on severity of violence, coping skills, and social support" Sogang University 2010
• 44 Shin MS, "A study of suicidal ideation among high school students: the structural relation among depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation" 9 : 1-19, 1990