0세 영아의 수면/의식 상태의 변화에 따른 교사 민감성

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 영아의 수면/의식 상태(sleep/wake state)의 변화에 따른 영아의 요구를 신속하고 정확하게 해석한 후에 적절하게 반응할 수 있는 교사의 민감성이 0세 보육에서 교사-영아 간의 상호작용의 질에 큰 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 개념화되었다. 본 연구에서는 질적?양적 통합 분석의 방법을 사용하여 영아가 깨어있는 동안의 각성(alertness)수준에 따라 교사행동 비율이 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 영아가 기분이 좋고, 집중력이 높은 ‘기민함(Alert)’의 상태일 때 보다 ‘칭얼/울음(Fussy/Crying)’의 상태에 보다 자주 반응하였는데, 구체적으로 ‘기본적인 돌봄’, ‘일대일의 상호작용’, ‘신체적인 접촉‘을 동반한 돌봄을 많이 제공하였다. 이는 영아의 기분이 까다로워지고 칭얼대는 상태나 울음이 교사의 반응을 강하게 이끌어내는 것으로서 영아의 각성수준이 교사행동에 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 다음으로, 6가지의 범주로 도출된 교사행동을 중심으로, 각 행동범주와 관련하여 강조되는 민감성의 특성을 탐색하였다. 다수의 영아를 돌보는 보육 현장의 맥락에서 교사 행동주제와 관련되는 핵심적인 민감성 요인의 종류와 특성을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 이러한 교사행동과 민감성 특성은 보육의 맥락에서 구체적으로 논의되어졌기 때문에 현장의 교사들에게 통찰력을 제공해 줄 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The primary purpose of the present study was to explore infants’ daily experiences and the characteristics related to sensitive responsiveness in infant-caregiver interactions in a child care setting. This study carefully considered the mutual and recursive influences of infants’ sleep/wake states while exploring essential elements of professional caregivers’ sensitivity associated with seven action themes drawn from the data. I carried out mixed methods case studies with one caregiver and her four, 3 to 7-monthold infants in an infant room at a university-affiliated child care center in the Midwestern United States. Video recordings served as a major tool for the collection of observational data. The major findings, which answered the overarching research question, indicated that the effectiveness of the caregiver’s actions was conditioned by its impact on each infant state. The analyses revealed that caregivers responded more frequently to infants’ distress signals in the repertories of Physical Caretaking, One-on-one Interaction, and Physical Contact than to infant alertness. However, infants’ affectionate responses were more frequently observed during Alert states, whereas caregiver actions were still effective in that infants stopped crying and became calm or alert during Fussy Alert states. The focus on sensitivity elements related to the recurrent themes of caregiver actions not only suggests reflections on the dynamic of group care practices that may greatly differ from the home context but also offers examples of the value of caregiver expertise.

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