영어음의 지각 = Perception of English Sound

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to consider the perception of language, the first step of comprehension process, through literature of psycholinguistics.
When speech sound is seen through spectrogram, it produces the blending segments, not a series of descrete ones. Speech sounds are continuous stream which cannot he segmented artificially and do not have invariance that sounds the same in all contexts.
Phonetic cued available in the phonetic stage are context- independent and context - dependent cues.
These two cues are used in identifying consonante. One of the important context - dependent cues are voice onset time. Context - dependent curia themselves vary as the context of phoneme changes. This means that many phonemes do not have invariant properties. When we want to identify a particular phoneme we must identify the ones preceding and following it.
This phenomenon conveying information of more than one phoneme at a time is called parallel transmission.
Vowels are characterized in terms of unvarying, steady- state formant patterns. Vowels are identified by the difference of formant frequencies. Hut vowels maintaining steady - state formant are affected by the context in which they occur. Consequently vowels are identified by the changing formant patterns of the phonemes that precede and fellow them.
Many phonetic cues are carried by the formant patterns and by the changing way of formants over time. Step consonants like /b/, /d/, and /g/ are identified by the changes of formants called formant transition. Fricative and nasal consonants also involve formant transition. But fricative consonants hold distinctive noise lacking formant structure, and nasal consonants have the distinctive nasal formants.
Even though speech signal varies a lot, its variance does not greatly affect a listener trying to identify it.
Generally listners do not perceive the variance of speech signal. Only when a listener identify the signal as a different phoneme, he listens differently. This phenomenon is referred as categorical perception.
After Liberman and his colleague first reported categorical characteristics of language perception,
many experiments have showed that speech sound is perceived categorically. It is kown that even
infants perceive stop consonants categorically.
Perception process of speech stimuli seems to involve a system of feature detectors. This is
mechanisms that respond in all-or-none manner to the presence or absence of a particular properly
in the speech signal. The evidence for the existence of feature detectors is mainly indirect. Neurological evidence for such detectors is not yet obtained.
When speech signals do not have enough information, we can not identify phonological features unambiguously. This means that through the phonological analysis of the speech signal itself speech perception is impossible. When listeners analyze the speech signal, they use the information of lexical, syntactic, and semantic properties. Thus the phonological analysis of the speech signal involves the synthesis of many informations. There is still al great deal to be learned about active, synthetic aspect of speech perception.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 언어음의 지각
• 1. 음성의 특징
• 2. 음향단서
• 3. 모음의 지각
• 4. 자음의 지각
• Ⅲ. 언어지각의 특성
• 1. 범주적 지각
• 2. 유아의 범주적 지각
• Ⅳ. 언어지각의 과정
• 1. 범주화 과정
• 2. 종합적 과정
• Ⅴ. 결론
• Summary