도심 습지의 생태계 서비스와 탄소 흡수 평가: 대전 갑천습지 사례 연구 = Evaluating Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Wetlands: A Case Study of the Gapcheon Wetland in Daejeon, South Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

생태계 서비스는 생태계가 인간에게 제공하는 혜택을 의미하며, 특히 탄소 저장과 생물다양성을 통해 기후 변화 완화에 중요한 역할을 한다는 점에서 점점 더 주목받고 있다. 기후 변화에 취약한 습지 생태계를 보호하는 것은 탄소 중립을 달성하기 위한 중요한 과제가 되었다. 이에 따라 습지의 가치를 평가하고 탄소 흡수를 증진하기 위한 평가 기술들이 개발되고 있다. 특히, 2023년 6월 5일, 대전 갑천 자연하천 구간이 대한민국의 31번째 내륙 국가습지보호지역으로 지정되었으며, 이는 국내에서 유일한 도심 속 습지 생태계로서 보호를 받게 된 것이다. 본 연구는 InVEST 모델을 통해 대전광역시 갑천습지의 서식지 질과탄소 저장량을 평가하며, 환경부의 생태자연도 및 국토환경성평가지도를 활용하여 신뢰성을 검토하고, 현장 조사를 통해 갑천습지의 토양 내 유기탄소를 분석하여 InVEST모델의 적용 방안을 검토하였다. InVEST 서식지 질 평가 결과, 갑천습지의 가장높은 지점은 서식지질의 상대적인 수치로써 0.4606, 가장 낮은 지점은 0.0787로 나타났다. 갑천습지 18개 지점의 토양 유기물및 유기탄소 함량 조사 결과, 유기물 함량은 평균 4.28%, 유기탄소 함량은 2.48%로, 선행연구를 통해 국내의 다른 하천습지결과와 비슷한 수치임을 확인하였다. InVEST는 토지피복도를 기반으로 하므로, 지역과 조사 시기에 따라 분류가 달라질 수있어 특정 지역의 서식지 질 및 탄소 저장량 평가 시 식생, 비식생 환경, 생물다양성 조사를 고려해야 신뢰도를 높일 수 있다. 또한 InVEST 모델 구동에 필요한 국내 여건에 적합한 계수의 확립이 해외 연구 결과를 차용하고 있으며, 이는 국가고유계수개발과 자료 구축의 필요성을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ecosystem services are increasingly recognized for their role in mitigating climate change, particularly through carbon storage and biodiversity. Protecting wetland ecosystems, which are vulnerable to climate change, has become a priority for achieving carbon neutrality. In response, assessment techniques for evaluating wetland value and enhancing carbon sequestration are being developed. Notably, on June 5, 2023, the natural river section of Gapcheon in Daejeon was designated as South Korea's 31st inland national wetland protection area, marking it as the only urban wetland ecosystem in the country to receive such protection. This study evaluates the habitat quality and carbon storage capacity of the Gapcheon Wetland in Daejeon using the InVEST model. To ensure reliability, this study cross-referenced data from the Ministry of Environment’s Ecological Zoning Map and the National Ecological Network Map. Additionally, field surveys were conducted to analyze the organic carbon content in the sediment of the Gapcheon Wetland, assessing the applicability of the InVEST model. The habitat quality assessment using InVEST revealed scores ranging from 0.4606 to 0.0787 across different points in the wetland. Soil analysis at 18 sites showed an average organic matter content of 4.28% and organic carbon content of 2.48%, consistent with similar studies on river wetlands. Since InVEST is based on land cover data, classifications may vary depending on the region and survey period. Therefore, to enhance reliability in assessing habitat quality and carbon storage, it is essential to consider factors such as vegetation, non-vegetation environments, and biodiversity. Moreover, the current lack of standardized input data for the InVEST model in South Korea, which relies on foreign research, underscores the need for developing national coefficients and data infrastructure.

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