明成皇后와 國母의 표상

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The debate over the authenticity of Empress Myeongseong(1851~1895)'s portrait, which has been dragging on without any clear conclusion since the 1990's, is not simply an issue of discovering what she originally looked like. Deeply seated beneath these debates are intense feelings of nationalism and a consciousness of having been victimized that call for a recovery of the last Empress of the Joseon Dynasty, whose assassination by Japan had previously been kept a dark secret. However, in order for the debate on its authenticity to become productive, the mechanism of how portrait photographs were made during the era when her image was made, namely the 1890's, needs to be examined. The issue at hand is not which photograph is real, but rather, why the problem of authenticity of the Empress's portrait has arisen, and how the model image of the Empress kept being reproduced regardless of whether it was truly her or not. This paper aims to investigate how the politics of Empress Myeongseong's representation was applied to the formation process of the modern period's gender order through the images of the Empress produced in the visual medium from the 1890's to the present.
Today, there is no photograph of Empress Myeongseong which has been authenticated. The reality of one photograph taken sometime between the mid 1890's and the Russo-Japanese War being reproduced through such things as lithographs, photograph printing, postcards, and photograph albums and then presented as the Empress, or a court lady of Joseon, reveals the commercialization of Joseon photographs and the male-centric representation custom. In particular, the royal photographs that focused on the king and the prince show that, although Empress Myeongseong had actively taken part in politics, she could not overcome the custom of portrait representation that focused on the tradition of the paternal lineage.
Empress Myeongseong was viewed as both a 'wicked woman who ultimately destroyed the country'by pushing herself into the public sphere called politics, and as the 'mother of the nation who symbolized her people's suffering.'These two incompatible images were formed by Japan and Joseon around the time of her assassination in 1895. The image of the Empress as a wicked woman who destroyed her country, drawn in the popular wood print Nishikie(錦繪) during the Meji period, was intimately connected to the gender-conscious public discourse of the Japan of the Meji period. On the other hand, during the time of the Japanese occupation and after Korea's liberation, the process of rebirth of her image from that of a dangerous woman to that of a symbol of her people's suffering, and subsequent transformation into a Korean Joan of Arc after the 1990's, is closely tied not only to a certain viewpoint of Japanese colonial history but also to a family discourse within Korea that has internalized a strong national ideology. In this, her image can be considered as an example or model of an image of women created through concealment, exclusion, and imagination in the process of modern gender order acquisition.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 1890년대 사진적 재현과 유포의 방식들
• Ⅲ. 을미사변 전후 만들어진 명성황후의 표상들
• Ⅳ. 위험한 여성에서 다시 國母로 부활하기까지
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 타카시 후지타니, "화려한 군주: 근대일본의 권력과 국가의례" 이산 2003
• 2 카를로 로제티, "코레아 코레아니" 숲과 나무 1996
• 3 언더우드, L. H, "조선생활: 상투잽이와께 함께 보낸 십오년 세월" 뿌리깊은나무 1984
• 4 서민교, "일본에서의 명성황후 시해사건에 대한 연구와 과제" 59 : 166-186, 2004
• 5 황 현, "역주 매천야록" 문학과 지성사 2005
• 6 공임순, "식민지의 적자들" 푸른역사 2005
• 7 김이환, "수유리 가는길" 이영미술관 2004
• 8 국립문화재연구소 미술공예연구실, "미국 보스턴 미술관소장 한국문화재" 국립문화재연구소 2004
• 9 한영우, "명성황후와 대한제국" 효형출판 2001
• 10 서영희, "명성황후 재평가" 328-349, 2002
• 11 여주문화원, "명성황후 재조명 심포지엄 자료집" 여주문화원 1 (1): 2005
• 12 서영희, "명성황후 연구" 101-119, 2001
• 13 최문형, "명성황후 시해의 진실을 밝힌다" 지식산업사 2001
• 14 은정태, "명성황후 사진진위논쟁" 120-127, 2001
• 15 퍼시벌 로웰, "내 기억 속의 조선, 조선사람들" 예담 2001
• 16 권행가, "고종황제의 초상 근대적 시각매체의 유입과 어진의 변용 과정" 2005
• 17 "高宗純宗實錄" 서울대학교 규장각 2000
• 18 조선미, "韓國肖像畵硏究" 열화당 1982.
• 19 최문형, "閔妃弑害事件" 민음사 1992
• 20 이배용, "開化期明成皇后閔妃의 政治的役割" 61-111, 1995
• 21 치바케이(千葉慶), "近代神武天皇の形成" 11 : 2002
• 22 치바케이(千葉慶), "近代天皇制國家における神話的シンボルの政治的機能" 千葉大學大學院博士學位.文 2004
• 23 장경희, "大韓帝國期明成皇后의 國葬儀物硏究" 한국서양사학회 492-498, 1999
• 24 기노시타 나오유키(木下直之), "ニュ-スの誕生-かわら版と新聞錦繪の情報世界" 東京: 東京大學出版會 1999.
• 25 Laguerie, "Villetard De. La Coree. Paris Librarie Hachette Et C" 1898.
• 26 Griffs, William Elliot, "Corea, Without and Within" 1885.