세 가지 엉덩관절 폄 운동 간 주동근과 길항근의 근활성도 비교: 단면연구 = Comparison of Agonist and Antagonist Muscle Activation Across Three Hip Extension Exercises: A cross-sectional study

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose : Prior studies of hip extension exercises have primarily focused on the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, whereas the contribution of the adductor magnus and the co-activation patterns of hip flexor muscles remain less clearly understood. This study compared the activation of agonist muscles (gluteus maximus [Gmax], biceps femoris [BF], and adductor magnus [AM]) and antagonist muscles (rectus femoris [RF], sartorius [SAR], and tensor fasciae latae [TFL]) across three hip extension exercises with distinct biomechanical demands: prone hip extension (PHE), forward lunge (FL), and hip thrust (HT).
Methods: Twenty-four healthy university students, 12 males and 12 females without musculoskeletal disorders, participated in the study. Each participant performed PHE, defined as 15° hip extension in the prone position; FL, defined as a forward step with 90° knee flexion; and HT, defined as hip extension from a supine bridge position until the trunk and thighs were horizontally aligned. All exercises were performed using body weight only. Surface electromyography was recorded from the six target muscles during a 5-second isometric hold at the end-range of each exercise, and signals were normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction values. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons, was used to examine differences in muscle activation across exercises.
Results: A significant exercise by muscle interaction was observed, indicating that muscle activation patterns differed according to the biomechanical demands of each exercise. Among the agonist muscles, Gmax and AM activation were significantly greater during PHE and HT than during FL, whereas BF activation was markedly greater during PHE than during both FL and HT. Among the antagonist muscles, RF, SAR, and TFL activation were significantly greater during FL than during PHE and HT.
Conclusion: Agonist and antagonist muscles demonstrated distinct, exercise-specific activation profiles that varied according to the biomechanical demands of each hip extension exercise. These findings suggest that hip extension exercises should be selected according to the intended target muscle group rather than regarded as functionally interchangeable.