리쿠르구스의 전기에 대한 교육적 분석 = AN EDUCATIONAL ANALYSIS ON PLUTARCH'S LIFE OF LYCURGUS
저자
김동구 (서원대학교 교육학과 교수)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1996
작성언어
Korean
KDC
370
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
27-50(24쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This research analyzed the Life of Lycurgus reported by Plutarch. There is little doubt that the descriptions of Spartan educational practices are presented in the Hero of Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus and they continue to influence the present-day education of western countries. Koreans received and adapted European educational system and contents in the modernization period. We have to study this work in order to examine the Korean educational universality and to improve the present Korean educational methods.
In this study three research questions were explored.
1.What kinds of social system did Lycurgus request in order to have the best educational system?
2.What kind of educational processes did Lycurgus develop in his laws?
3.Did Spartan educational system contribute to the education in Athens?
The findings of those inguiries will be summarized by analyzing and evaluating the evidence presented in this study.
1.There were two kings, five Ephors, twenty-eight senators and male Spartan citizens that belong to the popular Assembly in Sparta, Such political situation were appropriate to operate militarized education.
2.Spartan citizens could not leave the state to visit neighboring state. Their marriage were controlled by the state. They ate at common tables. They were free because all farming, trading, craftsmanship and labor were done by slaves, In these social situation, they could raise their boys to patriotic warrior servants of the state.
3.Spartans had no economic necessities because of Helots. They shared land in common. Food of the simplest kind was sufficient to keep Spartan in good health and strength. Lycurgus intended to check luxury. Iron was used for money to discourage undue possession. In such economic conditions, Spartans could educate their sons to protect their country from foe and subjugate slaves.
4.Education for citizenship with the Spartans meant education for usefulness in an intense military state. Educational aim intended by Lycurgus was the group welfare of Sparta.
5.Spartans had six educational stages.
7-18 boys lived in barracks and 18-20 youths were given professional war training.
6.Like the boys, girls engaged in festive parades and dances, Physical, mental and moral training were given to boys. The physical education was deliberately made hard in order to develop endurance and willingness to do with a minimum of clothing, food and rest. Mental and moral training were in the dances and music, When reading and writing were privately auqired they led the student to the poet of athletes and games.
7.Spartan ways, actually flourished in citizenship and education, caught the fancy of the outland sages. Plato explained Spartan education six times and Aristoteles seven times in the Hero of Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus.
8.Platon traced Spartan educational system in his book Republic and Law in order to set up ideal educational system in Athens.
9.The ulimate educational aims stated by Aristolteles was the national defense intended by Lycurgus although Aristoteles put Spartan a creature without mercy and soul.
In this study the following conclusions were made in accordance with the above findings.
1.Spartan curriculum which reflected the laws of Lycurgus was similar to that of today's pragmatic and idealistic one in some compartive philosophies. Educational contents concerning physical drills, sports, military training and some discussions were pragmatic while those of patriotism and obedience were idealistic.
2.Spartan education practices recorded in the laws of Lycurgus were conducted in the ways of today's pragmatic and existential method. They were not taught by teacher and through books. They learned by doing something in the barracks. Such points of educational views were similar to those of today's pragmatic ones. They also learned by selecting important things among various alternatives. Even when they were in the battle they could select as they wanted. Such points of educational views were based on existentialism.
3.Educational processes reported in Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus had an effect on the educational system in Athens. European heirs to education have favoured the Athenian Educational view, Koreans received European educational system in the modernization process having to connection with Korean traditional education. However, we still have Korean characteristics in education. In such frameworks Spartan educational system would have an effect on Korean educational settings.
4.When we improve Korean educational program for the learner to have strong and courageous character, it is required to consult with the process of Spartan education.
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