우리나라 都市老人들의 生活實態에 關한 硏究 : 서울地域을 中心으로 = (A) STUDY ON THE ACTUAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE OF THE OLD PEOPLE LIVING IN URBAN COMMUNITY : focused on the old people living in Seoul

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Based upon the thought of a high respect to the old people and devotion to the parents from the ancient times, we Koreans have enjoyed a system so well established, for supporting the old people.
The concept to the old people, according to a variety of relevant scholars, is such comprehensive symptoms of old people stemmed from physiological, physical, psychological, and sociological senility. In this view, he welfare of the aged peole may well be interpreted as social endeavor to settle overall matters with the old people who attained in the unproductive age of senility, physiological and psychological.
It was from around the late stage of the 1960s, when the national economic development began to go in full swing, that. in Korea they began to raise issues of the welfare of the aged people.
Since 1960s, our country has consistently and rapidly become 'industrialized urbanized and family-nuclearized, along with the economic development. This has brought about marked changes: one is the change in our traditional value caused by our: improved economic and social living conditions : and the other is the increase in the old population which was a result of lengthened life span thanks to the advancement of scientific technique, and food nutrition.
According to the shifting trend of old population provided by Korea Development Institute (KDI), the increase rate of the old population, showing 6.6 percent in 1985, is expected to come up to 9.7 percent in the year 2000 and 25 percent in the year 2040 ; there is every indication that the problems with the continued increase of the advanced people will emerge into the social issues.
What emerged as most serious problems suffered by the old people may be categorized into no income-earning, decline in health, loss o role, and' senses of alienation and loneliness.
A questionnaire revealed that a great majority of old -population depended on their children for living, indicating 75.4 percent of the total old respondents to the question. This is a very reason. why the old people are kept out of earning income. Most naturally, there is a pressing need for extending the enforcement by the Government of the National Pension System, as soon as possible, to the entire nation.
The questionnaire disclosed that a considerable number of old people were facing a change in the traditional position as superiors, that is the respondents still used main living rooms, while other remaining respondents cause to use other smaller rooms instead of main living rooms.
Traditionally, Korean old people have been accustomed to the use of the main living room in their houses. This is not the case, however. The older generations, being brought down in the rank of earning, are naturally deprived of their superior positions.
According to the question, 76 percent of the old respondents were dependent on their sons for pocket money, whereas daughters-in-law, of whom only 5.7 percent allowed such pocket money, turned out to be not linient in giving pocket money for their fathers-in-law's use. About the monthly amount of pocket money they spent, it (came out that 64 percent of the total respondents had spent more or less than 30,000 won a month but that those who enjoyed high academic career and materially rich standard of living .were consuming more than the remaining others were.
As for their health, no less than 32 percent of the total old respondents were not in good condition and they were suffering from a wide variety of diseases. It revealed that the proportion of disease was higher to old women than to old men.
Medical insurance benefit may be served as the most essential to the preservation of their health. As a matter of fact, the old generations in Korea are brought under the pressing needs to. receive a nationwide extension of the medical insurance system, as disclosed in the survey in which only 35 percent got benefits of the medical insurance system.
It is mainly due to the forfeiture of the financial power at home that the aged are losing their role at home and in society as well, This again means not only a degradation of position as a senior but a loss of role as the head of a household.
In order to investigate what role the old people play in their household, the old respondents were asked a question about by whom the decisions are made at home. Forty percent of them responded they followed the decision made by their eldest son ; 19 percent said the decision emerged after bilateral cooperation ; and other 33 percent answered their sons, made final decisions of their household 'affairs. This illustractes that quite a good proportion of old people were excluded from the participation in the decision-making role at home.
And again, the old people participated in the question were asked about what opinions they had in doing work in attempt of make good use of leisure hours. Sixty nine percent of them considered it to be desirable. The reason, why they wanted to do the work, is that 27 percent needed some pocket money, 22 percent desired to kill time only with no other special purpose, nine percent wished to work something, and 8 percent needed it In to make a living.
About the filial. piety by the young to the old counterparts were the old respondents asked in the question 26 percent of them pointed out the young people were discourteous to their old people ; 37 percent answered the old ought to be honoured. These illustrate the declining respect to the old people. The young people are urged to honour the old people.
As a consequence, now it is time for us to establish much indigenous system of welface for the aged, apart from the western style of welfare centering too much. on material welfare, for from spiritual phenomenon. In other words, we have to take both spiritual and material welfare on an equal basis. This is to ensure the balance-and harmony between the spiritual satisfaction and the material one. All in all, we should be adamant with our traditional thought of exercising loyal piety to the old generation by establishing the basic regulation of morals at home, material and spiritual. If we are to achieve the balance and harmony between the spiritual and the material welfares to the old generations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = i
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
• 1. 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 2. 硏究對象 및 範圍 = 3
• 3. 硏究方法 = 4
• Ⅱ. 老人福祉 問題의 理論的 基礎 = 6
• 1. 理論的 基礎 = 6
• 1) 老人의 槪念 = 6
• 2) 老人福祉의 槪念 = 9
• 3) 우리나라 老人福祉의 歷史的 背景 = 11
• 2. 우리나라 老人福祉 問題의 擡頭 背景 = 14
• 1) 産業化 都市化 核家族化에 따른 老人扶養 = 15
• 2) 人口의 高齡化 現象 = 16
• Ⅲ. 設問調査를 通한 老人生活의 實態分析 = 19
• 1. 調査 對象者의 一般的 性格 = 19
• 2. 老人들의 經濟的 實態 = 22
• 1) 家族과의 關係 및 老後生活 手段 = 22
• 2) 住宅 = 43
• 3) 용돈 = 54
• 3. 老人들의 保健實態 = 64
• 4. 老人들의 役割 = 75
• 1) 參與 = 75
• 2) 孤獨感과 疎外感 = 85
• 3) 餘暇活用 = 98
• 5. 老人들의 生活意識 = 108
• 1) 家族과 社會의 恭敬度 = 108
• 2) 老人들의 煩悶과 바램 = 112
• Ⅳ. 結論 = 120
• 參考文獻 = 126
• 설문지 = 131
• ABSTRACT = 144