대학졸업생의 취업동향과 그 변동추세 = Occupational Choice and its Change after Placement of College Graduates

국문 초록 (Abstract)

대학졸업생의 취업동향과 그 변동추세 및 이에 작용하는 여러가지 교육적, 사회적 요인을 규명함으로써 대학생 및 대학 졸업생의 직업지도의 방향을 설정하고 그 가능한 실현방안을 모색하기 위하여, 경북대학교의 농대·문리대·법대·사대·의대 및 영남대학교의 공대, 상경대·약대의 1961∼1965년도 졸업생 6,421명을 대상으로 그들의 취업현황, 선직 변동추세 및 이에 관련된 23개요인을 질문지를 통해 조사한후, 조사대상을 불변자와 전직자로 나누어 각기 그들의 전반적인 취업동향과 변동추세를 비교분석하였다.
그 결과 (1) 대학졸업생의 취업현황은 전체적으로 교사가 가장 많고 그 다음이 공무원·의사·사업등의 순으로 나타났으며 대학별로는 특히 의대·사대·약대 졸업생이 전공학과의 특수성을 반영하는 직업적 동질성의 정도가 높은데 비하여, 농대·법대·문리대졸업생은 이러한 경향이 없이 비교적 다양한 직업군을 형성하고 있다. (2) 대학졸업생의 선직변동추세는 (a) 졸업생의 73.26%가 처음 선택한 직업에 그대로 머물러 있으며 나머지 약 26.74%가 한번 혹은 그 이상 전직한 것으로 나타났으며, (b) 한편 전직자의 전직내용은 동일형태나 동일수준내의 전직이 가장 많고, (c) 이러한 전직 변화현상은 처음 선택한 직업과 인접직업군에로 선직변동이 일어나는 일정한 경향성을 보여주고 있다. (3) 선직변동의 규정요인으로서는 취업결정시기, 취업절차, 적합도(능력·흥미·적성·가치관), 전직희망도, 이상직업과 직업의 일치도에 있어 진직자와 불변자간에 의의있는 차이가 있으며, 이것이 선직변동의 한 요인으로서 작용하고 있다. 그리고 (4) 이러한 결과를 통해서 얻어진 직업지도상의 시사점도 또한 논의되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Being emphasized practically the necessities of vocational guidance activities and programs for college students and graduates, unfortunately there has been little inquiry into the vocational behavior in exploratory and trial work periods that occur during the first few years after college. To investigate the vocational behavior of male college graduates during their early work experiences, this study was undertaken to identify the career patterns of male college graduates.
The job histories of 6,421 male alumni graduated from Kyungpook National University and Young Nam University in 1961 to 1965 were examined. Of them the post-college vocational behavior of 4,014 alumni were identified and descriptively analyzed. And a questionnaire was mailed to this gross study population and thus the actual population surveyed amounted to 905 male college graduates. Based on his job history each respondent was classified into a stable career pattern and a changed career pattern, and vocational behavior of these two career patterns was investigated and compared.
The main findings of this study were revealed as follows;
1. 73.26 percent of male college graduates remain in their initial occupational fields and 26.74 per cent of male college graduates have one or more exploratory jobs. And in a case of the changed career pattern the occupational change goes to related job in the aspects of occupational type and level of initial job.
2. 36.44 percent of male college graduates engages in the occupational field of teaching and the other in business, organization, technology etc., in order. And occupational homogeneity of alumni graduated from college of education, medicine and pharmacology is rather higher than that of alumni graduated from college of law, arts & science, agriculture, technology, and commerce.
3. Of 23 variables investigated, only 9 variables were found to have significantly different influences between a stable career pattern and a changed career pattern. These variables are time to decision to obtain initial job, method used to obtain job, one's assumed suitability of his job to his ability, aptitude, interest and value system, desire to change job, and congruence between ideal job and present job.
And implications for vocational guidance activities and programs of these findings are also suggested.