20세기 이래 고려청자 그리고 고려다완, 왜 만들게 됐나 = Why Korean potters have made Goryeo Celadon and Korean Tea Bowl(Chawan) since 20th century?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

植民地の時期、韓半島には高麗靑磁の收集ブ一ムが起った。日本人は豪奢趣味のために、朝鮮王室では李王家博物館の設立を目的として不法的に盜掘された高麗靑磁を高價で購買した。 高麗靑磁を所有しようとする人が急增すると、韓半島に日本人が設立した高麗燒も建てられた。 そしてここで生産した高麗靑磁の模倣品を日本と海外に販賣した。解放後、社會混亂と6.25戰爭で高麗靑磁のブ一ムはしばらく止まるが、1965年に韓日協定を締結した後、再び活發になる。 日本人たちが靑磁を買うために韓國に來たからだ。この時から京畿道利川とその近隣地域に靑磁を作る工房が續々となり、日本人が望む高麗靑磁の再現品を造ることになる。靑磁がすなわちお金の時代が開かれるようになった。すると、韓國の陶芸家らの一部が日本で高麗茶碗の製作方式を學んできており、日本に硏修を行ってきば茶がもっとよく賣れている不思議な現象が起きた。しかし、このようにもたらした茶には詫びの思想で言う無作爲の美しさを見つけることは難しい。
韓國で茶碗と呼ばれる器をお茶を飮むとき使用する器と認識して作り始めたのは1960年代半ば以降だ。最初は慣れていない器なのに苦戰を免れなかったが、韓日協定の以降、日本人の高麗茶碗を愛好する傾向のおかげに販路が開かれるようになった。
高麗靑磁と高麗茶碗は韓國の誇り高き文化遺産であり、當然韓國人たちが繼承しなければならない。このためには、まず20世紀の以降、靑磁と碗をどうして生産し、誰が消費したのかを振り返らなければならない。そうしてこそ、これから高麗靑磁と高麗茶碗の傳統をどのように發展させるか、靑寫眞を描くことができるだろう。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the colonial era, colleting the Goryeo Celadon became a fever in the Korean peninsula. The Japanese purchased the Goryeo Celadon as a personal extravagant hobby, and the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty bought the ones, which was illegally robbed from ancient tombs, for establishing a royal museum. As the demand for Goryeo Celadon grew rapidly, the Japanese built a celadon factory on the Korean peninsula, and produced it. Then, they directly sold it to Japanese people or exported it to overseas markets. After the national independence from Japan, the social confusion and the Korean War cooled down the fever of colleting the Goryeo Celadon for a while. The 1965 Treaty between Korea and Japan enabled Japanese people to come back to Korea and buy celadons. Since then, workshops for making celadon had been established in Icheon and neighboring areas of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, and they made a reproduction of the Goryeo Celadon desired by the Japanese. When making the celadon emerged as a high-profit area, antique dealers, businessmen, and even government officials became a potter. It was a time of easily making money with the celadon.
Korea potters began to make Korean Tea Bowl(Chawan) since the mid 1960. At first, they struggled to sell it, but after the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between the Republic of Korea and Japan, they found a market based on the Japanese' love toward Chawan. Then Korean potters went to Japan and learned how to make a Chawan. The irony was that It boosted up the sales of Chawan. However, it was hard to find the beauty of the 'randomness' which is said in Japan as well as the tradition of an unfashioned bowl in the Joseon Dynasty era.
The Goryeo Celadon and an unfashioned bowl in the Joseon Dynasty era, which the Japanese called as Chawan were ones of Korea's proud cultural heritages, and it should be inherited by the Koreans. Therefore, it is necessary to look back at whether the Koreans have played a central role in the production and consumption of Celadon and Chawan, and how to develop those in the future.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 이구열, "한국문화재수난사" 돌베개 66-, 1996
• 2 김상엽, "한국 근대의 골동시장과 京城美術俱樂部" 19 : 313-, 2003
• 3 송기형, "창경궁박물관 또는 이왕가박물관의 연대기" 72 : 179-, 1999
• 4 안성희, "조선물산공진회 지역별 출품사례를 통한 1910년대 요업의 실마리 찾기" 호서사학회 (81) : 53-101, 2017
• 5 엄승희, "일제시기 재한일본인(在韓日本人)의 청자 제작" 한국근현대미술사학회(구 한국근대미술사학회) (13) : 151-195, 2004
• 6 김현아, "식민지시기 수용된 일본어 도자공예 용어가 現도자공예 용어에 미친 영향" 일본연구소 (62) : 268-287, 2014
• 7 박홍관, "사기장 이야기" 이레디자인 14-27, 2004
• 8 中原文化財硏究院, "동대문 운동장 유적 : 동대문 역사문화공원 부지 발굴조사Ⅰ" 中原文化財硏究院 451-459, 2011
• 9 엄승희, "대한제국기 平壤磁器株式會社 설립의 성격과 의미 : 운영방식의 새로운 패러다임" 호서사학회 (76) : 45-82, 2015
• 10 박은숙, "공인제도 혁파 후 분원 공인의 분화와 직업･자본의 변화(1895~1910)" 한국역사연구회 (105) : 315-351, 2017
• 11 "가벼운 나들이로 韓國의 정취 듬뿍"
• 12 柳根瀅, "高麗靑磁 : 靑磁陶工 海剛 柳根瀅 自敍傳" 오른사 39-191, 1982
• 13 佐藤寬, "韓國博物館設立に就て" 1 (1): 15-16, 1908
• 14 서울특별시사편찬위원회, "荷齋日記 6" 서울특별시사편찬위원회 2009
• 15 엄승희, "每日申報에 나타난 한국 근대 陶磁의 일고찰" 미술사학연구회 (21) : 23-57, 2004
• 16 中尾万三, "朝鮮高麗陶磁考" 學藝書院 3-12, 1935
• 17 朝鮮總督府朝鮮美術展覽會, "朝鮮美術展覽會圖錄 第11" 朝鮮總督府朝鮮美術展覽會 1932
• 18 朝鮮總督府中央試驗所, "朝鮮總督府中央試驗所報告 第13回第1號" 朝鮮總督府中央試驗所 8-11, 1932
• 19 김상엽, "『朝鮮陶磁木工展觀』 도록 - 1930년대 일본 동경에서 개최된 한국 도자기, 목공예 전시회 도록" 동양고전학회 (32) : 425-441, 2008
• 20 박소현, "‘고려자기’는 어떻게 ‘미술’이 되었나- 식민지시대 ‘고려자기열광’과 이왕가박물관의 정치학" 한국사회조사연구소 7 (7): 9-45, 2006
• 21 윤소라, "19세기 후반∼20세기 전반 한국 출토 일본도자 연구" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2013
• 22 방병선, "17-18세기 동아시아 도자교류사" (232) : 136-140, 2001