영국과 미국 경찰의 총기사용에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Use of Guns by Police in British and American Legal States

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is no specific legal norm in the UK regarding the permissibility of the use of weapons. In the UK, it has traditionally been done by the Common Law without any special legal norms regarding the permissibility of gun use, and 'apparent necessity' is required as a requirement for the use of guns by police officers under the Common Law. In other words, if there is a person who resists performing his duties, the police officer was justified even if he was killed using a firearm, which was justified when the obvious need for murder was recognized. However, as the Criminal Law Act was enacted and implemented in 1967, breaking away from this tradition, the use of firearms was regulated by the Criminal Law. According to this, Article 3 of the Criminal Code of 1967 includes the use of firearms
In the case of British police, gun portability is restricted, so guns are prohibited in normal patrol activities, but guns are paid individually only when dispatched for a specific purpose, and the gap in security maintenance due to strict restrictions on the carrying and use of guns by police officers in the general police field is supplemented by the military. After all, the current regulations on the use of weapons in the UK are based on a reasonable force. Reasonable coercion is a core concept in the use of weapons, and has a meaning as a requirement for the use of weapons and a legal limit. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the implications of rational coercion and reviewed the UK precedents related to this. The British police have recently been using crime suppression equipment other than firearms.
Due to its unique historical background, the United States allows individuals to possess weapons for the exercise of self-defense through the Constitution, and the United States has a huge amount of civilian weapons, creating a unique law enforcement environment for US police officers. In other words, various weapons carried by individuals legally or illegally threaten the police officer in charge of law enforcement, and reflexively, firearm.
However, this was set in the social image of the United States in the early days of the founding of the country, and over time, it faced criticism. Now, the attitude of precedents has begun to change under the judgment that the validity is lost. These criticisms were accepted, and amendments to this principle were attempted, and the state of Pennsylvania was amended in 1973 to prevent serious infringement on the life or body of itself or others.
The United States is also recently introducing new crime control equipment to reduce casualties caused by gun use, as well as chemical weapons such as tear gas, pepper spray, and spray paint, and electromagnet weapons such as electronic shock guns and long-distance electronic shock devices.