학령 전 아동 어머니의 체형인식과 아동 식품선택 및 영양소섭취량과의 관계 = Relationship between maternal body image, Weight and preschool children's food choice and nutrient intake

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There has been increasing interest recently in healthy growth of children. Therefore it is important to recognize the relationship between maternal body image and preschool children's food Choice and Nutrient Intake. Mother take an important role here because the growing aspect of children is affected by the condition of nutrition.
In this study, the physcical data of 545 children(278 boys, 267 girls) in the age of 3-7 from the preschool of Dae-jeon were measured and their mother's were collected by questionnaire interview
The data were analyzed by SPSS/PC program.
The results are summarized as fellows :
82.9％ of mothers were in their age of 30s.
Anthropometric data showed that mean height, weight and BMI of the mother's were 160±4.4cm, 53.9±6.3kg, 20.9±2.4. The average height children boys and girls were 111.9±6.4cm and 103.2±6.8cm each, weights were 20.2±4.0kg and 19.6±3.5kg, and WLI were 103.7±14.0 and 101.8±14.2. Heights and weights were converted to WLI(Weight-Length Index) BMI showed that 13.8％ of surveyed mothers were underweight, 67.7％ were normal and 18.6％ were overweight.
WLI showed that 9.1％ and 4.9％ of surveyed boys and girls were underweight, 67.7％ were normal and 18.6％ were overweight.
WLI showed that 9.1％ and 4.9％ of surveyed boys and girls were underweight, 68.5％ and 78.7％ were normal and 22.4％ and 16.4％ were overweight. Mothers were told to choose Somatotype 9 taye Drawings about the body image of themseles and their children's.
They recognized the body image as 4.0±1.5 for their present body, 3.2±0.8 for healthy body, 2.8±0.8 for attractive body, and 2.9±0.8 for desirable body, which suggests that the mothers considered thin body as their desiable body. The mothers were believed to have relatively precise recognition on their body as BMI result were similar to their present body. Among 3 weight groups, the normal weight group preferred the body most, significantly in p=.05 Children's body image was present body 2.9±1.4, Health body 3.6±0.9, Attravitve body 3.4±0.9, and Wish body 3.5±0.9. The children's present body was thought small body and the desirable body image was chosen large size.
Children's present body was recognited exactly the same but altogether overweight group body image was recognited to be the desirable body image and there was no differnce between the children's WLI and mother's BMI. I calculated the Body dissatistation score by substracting wish body from the present body. Mother's satistation rate was 9.2％, normal 10％. On the other hand, children's was satistation rate 29.6％ and dissatistation rate 51.5％. It was noteworthy that the dissatisfaction rate in the overweight group was only 36.3％. Correlation between mother's perception of body image and demographic chaeacteristics was examined. Present body image and education level, desirable bldy and age were significantly correlated(p＜.05) for mothers. For children, it were present body image, education level and birth order that were significantly correlated(p＜.05).
Also the body dissatistation score had a significantly(p＜.05) negative correlation with concern of health, concern of weight, diet experience, and method of weight control. BMI and bread(p＜.01), fish and bean curd(p＜.05) of minus correlation, Kimchi(p＜.05) of plus correlation, Children's dissatistation score and rice(p＜.05) of plus correlation, mother's dissatistation score Potato(p＜.05) bread (p＜.01) of minus correlation. Energy of underweight, normal and overweight group was 1555.1±2223.7, 1454.2±346.5 and 1500.8±417.1.
The nutrient intake of underweight group was higher than the normal and overweight. On the other hand, the nutrient intake of normal group was lower than the overweight. Intake level of energy, carbohydrate, fat, and cholesterol was highest in the underweight group. Meanwhile, intake level of protein, fiber, Fe, Na, vit A was highest in the normal weight group. Unlike the result of mothers, there was no sgnificant difference in intake level among weight groups of children.
Most of nutrient intakes was expect for energy, Zn and Niacin, more than korean RDA. When the group was categorized by the body dissatisfaction score, energy intake was highest, 1512±304, in the level from -5 to -2, which indicates the group who want to gain weight. It was lowest, 1395.3±383.3, in the level from 1 to 4, which indicates the group who want to lose weight. Also, the former group had higher nutrient intake, although the difference among the groups was not of significance. The results of this study showed some nutritional problems, which suggests the need for nutritional management for children.
Therfore they should have a nutritional education program to improve mother's and children's body image corrrectly and recognition of right food and body. Especially, the education program which focuses on children's obesity problem as well as body recognition problem is needed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = Ⅰ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제2장 연구 방법 = 5
• 제1절 조상 대상 및 시기 = 5
• 제2절 조사내용 및 방법 = 5
• Ⅰ. 신체 계측 = 5
• 1. 신체 계측 = 5
• 2. 비만도 분석 = 6
• Ⅱ. 설문조사 = 6
• 1. 일반사항 = 7
• 2. 건강 및 운동 상태 = 7
• 3. 체형인식 및 체중조절 태도 = 7
• 4. 식사제공 태도 및 행동 = 7
• 5. 식품목록 설정 = 8
• 6. 기호도, 식품섭취빈도 조사 = 8
• 7. 식품에 대한 인식도 조사 = 8
• Ⅲ. 식품섭취조사 = 9
• Ⅳ. 통계분석 = 9
• 제3장 연구 결과 및 고찰 = 10
• 제1절 체형인식 = 10
• Ⅰ. 일반사항 = 10
• 1. 어머니의 일반사항 = 10
• 2. 어린이의 일반사항 = 12
• Ⅱ. 조상대상자의 신체사항 = 14
• 1. 어머니 = 14
• 1) 어머니의 신체사항 = 14
• 2) 어머니의 비만도 분포 = 14
• 2. 어린이 = 16
• 1) 어린이의 신체사항 = 16
• 2) 어린이의 비만도 분포 = 19
• Ⅲ. 체형인식 = 21
• 1. 어머니 = 21
• 1) 어머니의 체형인식 = 21
• 2) 어머니 체형 불만족도 분포 = 24
• 2. 어린이 = 27
• 1) 어린이의 체형인식 = 27
• 2) 어머니의 비만도에 따른 어린이 체형 인식 = 29
• 3) 어린이의 체형 불만족도 분포 = 31
• 3. 어머니와 어린이 체형인식간의 상관관계 = 33
• 1) 어머니 체형인식 변수들간의 상관관계 = 33
• 2) 어린이 체형인식 변수간의 상관관계 = 35
• 3) 어머니와 어린이 체형인식 상관성 = 37
• Ⅲ. 체형인식과 사회 인구학적 요인의 관련성 = 39
• 1. 어머니 체형인식과 사회 인구학적 요인의 상관관계 = 39
• 2. 어린이 체형인식과 사회 인구학적 요인의 상관관계 = 39
• Ⅳ. 체형인식에 따른 건강인식과 체중조절 태도 = 42
• 1. 건강에 대한 관심도 = 42
• 2. 체중 조철 태도 = 45
• 제2절 어머니의 체형인식이 어린이 식이 섭취에 미치는 영향 = 49
• Ⅰ. 어머니의 식사제공 태도와 식품에 대한 인식도 = 49
• 1. 어머니의 식사제공 태도 및 행동 = 49
• 2. 어머니의 식품에 대한 인식도 = 51
• 3. 어린이의 식품섭취빈도와 식품기호도 = 54
• 4. 어린이의 식품섭취빈도와 기호도 및 어머니의 식품에 대한 인식도의 상관관계 = 56
• Ⅱ. 체형인식에 대한 관련성 = 58
• 1. 체형인식과 식사제공 태도와의 상관관계 = 58
• 2. 식사제공 태도와 체형인식도의 관계 = 60
• 1) 어머니의 비만도에 따른 식사제공 태도 = 60
• 2) 어머니의 체형 불만족도에 따른 식사제공 태도 및 행동과의 관계 = 60
• 3) 어린이의 비만도에 따른 식사제공 태도 = 63
• 4) 어린이의 체형 불만족도에 따른 식사제공 태도 = 63
• Ⅲ. 식품에 대한 인식도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도간의 관련성 = 66
• 1. 건강 유익성에 대한 식품 인식도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도간의 상관관계 = 66
• 2. 비만 가능성에 대한 식품 인식도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도간의 상관관계 = 68
• 3. 식사준비 편리성에 대한 식품 인식도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도간의 상관관계 = 70
• 4. 비용소요에 대한 식품 인식도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도간의 상관관계 = 70
• Ⅳ. 어린이 식품섭취빈도와 비만도 및 체형 불만족도의 관련성 = 73
• Ⅴ. 어린이의 영양소섭취량 = 75
• 1. 어린이 영양소섭취량 = 75
• 1) 1일 영양소섭취량 = 75
• 2) 어린이의 끼니별 영양소섭취량 = 78
• 2. 어린이 영양소 섭취량과 어머니의 체형인식, 식품에 대한 인식도의 관계 = 80
• 1) 어린이 영양소 섭취량과 어머니 체형인식의 상관관계 = 80
• 3. 어린이 비만도에 따른 어린이 영양소 섭취량 = 82
• 4. 어머니의 어린이 체형 불만족도에 따른 어린이 영양소 섭취량 = 85
• 5. 어머니의 식사제공 태도와 어린이 영양소 섭취량의 상관관계 = 85
• 제4장 결론 = 89
• 부록 = 92
• 참고표 = 92
• 참고문헌 = 126
• Abstract = 135