직무스트레스, 위험한 직무환경, 그리고 직무복잡성이 반생산적 업무행동에 미치는 영향: 음주행위의 매개효과와 조직지원인식의 조절효과 = Job Stress, Job Environment, Job Complexity and Counterproductive Working Behavior: Mediating Effects of Alcohol Drinking Behavior and Moderating Effects of Perceived Organizational Support

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

[Purpose]The present study examines to prove moderating role of perceived organizational support(POS) and mediating role of alcohol drinking behavior of employee on relationship between job characteristic and counterproductive working behavior(CWB) at workplace.
[Methodology]In order to test suggested hypothesis be used SPSS 21, regression analysis to prove mediating and moderating effect on relationship between job characteristic and CWB. This paper adopted survey based－data of 608 members.
[Findings]Analysis showed that job complex is positive related on alcohol drinking behavior. In addition, job complex and dangerous job environment are positive effect on CWB. Second, alcohol drinking behavior effect positively on CWB. Third, POS is negatively effect on CWB. Finally, mediating effect of alcohol drinking behavior is not significantly effect on relationship between job complex and CWB. Futhermore, POS is significantly effect on CWB, but could not moderate on relationship between CWB and alcohol drinking behavior.
[Implications]The result of this paper provides the meaningful implications on related theory and practice. But, advanced study is to be solved the problem of common method bias.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

[연구목적]본 연구는 직무스트레스, 위험한 직무환경, 그리고 직무복잡성 요인이 구성원의 직무행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치며 이들 간의 관계에 있어 직장인의 음주행위와 조직지원인식이 어떠한 역할을 하는지 알아보았다.
[연구방법]가설의 검증을 위해 SPSS 21통계프로그램을 활용하여 음주행위의 매개효과와 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 상관분석, 타당도분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다.
[연구결과]먼저, 직무복잡성은 음주행위에 정(＋)의 영향 관계가 나타났으며, 반생산적 업무행동에는 직무복잡성과 위험한 직무환경이 유의한 정(＋)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음은 음주행위가 반생산적 업무행동에 있어 유의한 정(＋)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 음주행위의 매개효과 검증결과 직무복잡성만 매개효과 검증 단계의 조건을 충족하여 부분매개효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 조직지원인식의 조절효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다.
[연구의 시사점]직장인의 직무관련 요인 중 직무와 관련된 환경적 요소가 반생산적 업무행동에 영향을 미치는데 있어 음주행위는 이들 간의 관계에 있어 부정적 직무행동을 강화하는 요인으로 의미가 있다. 또한 이들 간의 관계에 있어 상호작용 항의 투입은 긍정적 역할을 하기 보다는 오히려 부정적 직무행동을 강하게 하는 것으로 나타나 반생산성 업무행동을 감소시킬 수 있는 또 다른 차원의 조직적 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 권구영, "직장인의 직무스트레스와 직무수행 간의 관계에서 음주 및 음주하위문화의 매개효과에 관한 연구" 카톨릭대학교 2004
• 2 권구영, "직장인의 음주에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구＂ 사무직 직장인을 중심으로" 한국사회복지학회 57 (57): 93-118, 2005
• 3 김대수, "직장인 음주행위의 선행변수와 업무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 영남대학교 2013
• 4 배무환, "직무스트레스의 접근방법과 연구모형" 17 : 295-318, 1989
• 5 최항석, "직무불안정 지각이 조직구성원의 태도와 행동에 미치는 영향: 상사의 사회적 지원의 조절효과 검증" 대한경영학회 18 (18): 2365-2397, 2005
• 6 김대수, "지각된 직장 내 음주규범과 음주행위 간의 관계: 음주동기의 매개효과" 한국경영교육학회 29 (29): 1-27, 2014
• 7 김대수, "조직지원인식, 직무만족, 그리고 반생산적 업무행동 간의 관계: 일-가정 갈등과 가정-일 갈등의 매개효과" 한국경영교육학회 28 (28): 247-272, 2013
• 8 김윤성, "조직시민행동, 조직몰입에 대한 지각된 조직적 지원의 선행요인과 매개효과에 관한 연구" 영남대학교 2003
• 9 이기동, "조직몰입 및 전문직몰입과 이직의도의 선행요인 및 조직지원인식의 조절효과에 대한 연구: 지역특화센터 종사자를 대상으로" 한국경영교육학회 29 (29): 193-221, 2014
• 10 윤정구, "조건보상 및 개별고려를 통한 상사의 리더십이 부하의 자아개념에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구" 24 (24): 239-257, 2001
• 11 강경화, "일부 소방공무원의 음주와 직무 스트레스와의 관련성" 13 (13): 401-412, 2001
• 12 윤혜미, "음주효과에 대한 기대와 한국 고등학생의 음주행위 간 관계" 38 : 153-179, 1999
• 13 한광현, "생산직 근로자들의 반생산적 과업행동 결정요인 및 조절변인에 대한 다원적 접근" 대한경영학회 21 (21): 2771-2798, 2008
• 14 정인호, "비인격적 감독과 부하의 창의성 간의 관계에서 조직지원인식과 심리적 임파워먼트의 조절효과 탐색" 한국경영교육학회 29 (29): 112-136, 2014
• 15 제갈정, "근로자 음주문제와 사업장 특성과의 구조적 관계" 인제대학교 대학원 2010
• 16 홍유진, "고객과의 접촉도가 높은 서비스 제공자의 직무스트레스와 감정노동 간의 상호작용 분석 -국내 카지노 딜러를 중심으로-" 한국경영교육학회 29 (29): 367-387, 2014
• 17 Trice, H. M., "Work－related risk factors associated with alcohol abuse" 6 (6): 106-111, 1992
• 18 Neuman, J. H., "Workplace violence and workplace aggressive: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets" 24 (24): 391-419, 1998
• 19 Hodgins, D. C., "Workplace responsibility, stress, alcohol availability and norms as predictors of alcohol consumption－related problems among employed workers" 44 (44): 2062-2069, 2009
• 20 Bennett, J. B., "Workplace Drinking Climate, Stress, and Problem Indicators: Assessing the Influence of Team Work (Group Cohesion)" 59 (59): 608-618, 1998
• 21 Wiesner, M., "Work stress, substance use, and depression among young adult workers: an examination of main and moderator effect model" 10 (10): 83-86, 2005
• 22 Grunberg, L., "Work stress and selfreported alcohol use: the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking" 4 (4): 29-36, 1999
• 23 Grunberg, L., "Work stress and problem alcohol behavior: a test of the spillover model" 19 (19): 487-502, 1998
• 24 Siegrist, J., "Work stress and health risk behavior" 32 (32): 473-481, 2006
• 25 Cooper, M. L., "Work stress and alcohol effects: A test of stressinduced drinking" 31 (31): 260-276, 1990
• 26 Hemmingsson, T., "Work control, work demands, and work social support in relation to alcoholism among young men" 22 (22): 921-927, 1998
• 27 Ganster, D. C., "Work and stress and employee health" 17 (17): 235-271, 1991
• 28 Greenberg, E. S., "Work alienation and problem alcohol behavior" 36 (36): 83-102, 1995
• 29 Iverson, R. D., "Understanding the “Personological” basis of employee withdrawal: the influence of affective disposition on employee tardiness, early departure, and absenteeism" 86 (86): 856-866, 2001
• 30 Martinko, M. J., "Toward an integrative theory of counterproductive workplace behavior: A causal reasoning perspective" 10 (10): 36-50, 2002
• 31 Roman, P. M., "The workplace and alcohol prevention" 26 (26): 49-57, 2002
• 32 Pearlin, L. I., "The stress process" 22 (22): 337-356, 1981
• 33 Moore, S., "The relationships between alcohol problems and well －being, work attitudes, and performance: Are they monotonic?" 11 (11): 183-204, 2000
• 34 Tucker, J. S., "The multilevel effects of occupational stressors on soldiers’ well－being, organizational attachment, and readiness" 10 (10): 276-299, 2005
• 35 Baron, R. A., "The moderator－mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations" 51 (51): 1173-1183, 1986
• 36 Marchand, A., "The moderating effect of alcohol intake on the relationship between work strains and psychological distress" 64 (64): 419-427, 2003
• 37 Spector, P. E., "The dimensionality of counterproductive: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal?" 68 (68): 446-460, 2006
• 38 Brooke, P. P., "The determinants of employee absenteeism: An empirical test of a causal model" 62 (62): 1-19, 1989
• 39 Harwood, H. J., "The cost to employers of employee alcohol abuse: a review of the literature in the United States of America" 52 (52): 39-51, 2000
• 40 Bruk－Lee, V., "The Social Stressors－Counterproductive Work Behaviors Link: Are Conflicts the Same?" 11 (11): 145-156, 2006
• 41 Van der Vegt, G., "Team members’ affective responses to patterns of intragroup interdependence and job complexity" 26 (26): 633-655, 2000
• 42 Wood, R. E., "Task complexity: definition of the construct" 37 (37): 60-82, 1986
• 43 Laurent, J., "Stress, alcohol－related expectancies and coping preferences: A replication with adolescents of the Cooper et al.(1992) model" 58 (58): 644-651, 1997
• 44 Lazarus, R. S., "Stress, Appraisal, and Coping" Springer Publishing Company 1984
• 45 Pohorecky, L. A., "Stress and alcohol interaction: an update of human research" 15 (15): 438-459, 1991
• 46 Bromet, E. J., "Stress Between Work and Family" Plenum Press 1990
• 47 Ames, G. M., "Social control and workplace drinking norms: A comparison of two organizational cultures" 61 (61): 203-219, 2000
• 48 Lennon, M. C., "Sex differences in distress: The impact of gender and work roles" 28 (28): 290-305, 1987
• 49 Jenkins, R., "Sex differences in alcohol consumption and its associated morbidity in young civil servants" 81 (81): 525-535, 1986
• 50 Parker, D. A., "Risk factors for alcoholism and alcohol problems among employed women and men" 99-127, 1982
• 51 Skarlicki, D. P., "Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice" 82 (82): 434-443, 1997
• 52 Corbin, W. R., "Relations among stress, coping strategies, coping motives, alcohol consumption and related problems: A mediated moderation model" 38 (38): 1912-1919, 2013
• 53 Levinson, H., "Reciprocation: The relationship between man and organization" 9 (9): 370-390, 1965
• 54 Cappell, H., "Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism" Guilford 15-54, 1987
• 55 Greeley, J., "Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism" Guilford Press 1999
• 56 Frone, M. R., "Prevalence and distribution of alcohol use and impairment in the workplace: A US national survey" 67 (67): 147-156, 2006
• 57 Eigenberger, R., "Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction" 82 (82): 812-820, 1997
• 58 Eisenberger, R., "Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation" 75 (75): 51-59, 1990
• 59 Eisenberger, R., "Perceived organizational support" 71 (71): 500-507, 1986
• 60 Rhoades, L., "Perceived Organizatonal Support: A review of the literature" 87 (87): 698-714, 2002
• 61 Shore, L. M., "Organizational Politics, Justice, and Support: Managing the Social Climate of the Workplace" Quorum Press 149-164, 1995
• 62 Ragland, D. R., "Occupational stress factors and alcohol‐related behavior in urban transit operators" 24 (24): 1011-1018, 2000
• 63 MacDonald, S., "Occupational risk factors associated with alcohol and drug problems" 25 (25): 351-369, 1999
• 64 Ragland, D. R., "Occupational and nonoccupational correlates of alcohol consumption in urban transit operators" 24 (24): 634-645, 1995
• 65 Zhang, Z., "Occupation, job characteristics, and the use of alcohol and other drugs" 31 (31): 395-412, 2003
• 66 Colder, C. R., "Life stress, physiological and subjective indexes of negative emotionality, and coping reasons for drinking: Is there evidence for a self－medication model of alcohol use?" 15 (15): 237-245, 2001
• 67 Lazarus, R. S., "Journal of Social Behavior and Personality: Vol. 6. Handbook on job stress(special issue)" Select Press 1991
• 68 Delaney, W. P., "Job stress, unwinding and drinking in transit operators" 63 (63): 420-429, 2002
• 69 Penney, L. M., "Job stress, incivility, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): The moderating role of negative affectivity" 26 (26): 777-796, 2005
• 70 Beehr, T. A., "Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model and literature Review" 31 (31): 665-699, 1978
• 71 Chen, M. J., "Job stress, burnout and substance use among urban transit operators: The potential mediating role of coping behaviour" 22 (22): 327-340, 2008
• 72 Gupta, N., "Job stress and employee behaviors" 23 (23): 373-387, 1979
• 73 Kouvonen, A., "Job strain, effort reward imbalance and heavy drinking: a study in 40,851 employees" 47 (47): 503-513, 2005
• 74 Yang, M. J., "Job strain and drinking behavior" 12 (12): 670-684, 1996
• 75 Lehman, W. E., "Job risk and employee substance use: the influence of personal background and work environment factors" 28 (28): 263-286, 2002
• 76 Caplan, R. D., "Job demands and worker health; Main effects and occupational differences" Hew Publication (NIOSH) 75-150, 1975
• 77 Hingson, R., "Job characteristics and drinking practices in the Boston metropolitan area" 42 (42): 725-738, 1981
• 78 Gruys, M. L., "Investigating the dimensionality of counter－productive work behavior" 11 (11): 30-42, 2003
• 79 Nishio, J., "Health behavior model based analysis of factors affecting alcohol behavior of company employees" 41 (41): 607-617, 1994
• 80 Smith, C. S., "Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology" 163-183, 2003
• 81 Locke, E., "Goal－setting and task performance: 1969－1980" 90 (90): 125-152, 1981
• 82 Mangione, T. W., "Employee drinking practices and work performance" 60 (60): 261-270, 1999
• 83 Pearlin, L. I., "Economic strain and the coping functions of alcohol" 82 (82): 652-663, 1976
• 84 Cooper, M. L., "Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: a motivational model of alcohol use" 69 (69): 990-1105, 1995
• 85 Martin, J. K., "Drinking to cope and self‐medication: Characteristics of jobs in relation to workers’ drinking behavior" 13 (13): 55-71, 1992
• 86 Mulford, H. A., "Drinking in Iowa: III. A scale of definitions of alcohol related to drinking behavior. IV. Preoccupation with alcohol and definitions of alcohol, heavy drinking and trouble due to drinking" 21 : 267-278, 1960
• 87 Trice, H. M., "Drinking behavior and risk factors related to the workplace: implications for research and prevention" 24 (24): 327-346, 1988
• 88 Fox, S., "Does your coworker know what you’re doing? Convergence of self－and peer－reports of counterproductive work behavior" 14 (14): 41-60, 2007
• 89 Moorman, R. H., "Does perceived organizational support mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior?" 41 (41): 351-357, 1998
• 90 Barbara, S. M., "Do job conditions influence the use of drugs?" 29 (29): 169-184, 1988
• 91 Fox, S., "Counter productive work behavior(CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions" 59 (59): 291-309, 2001
• 92 Rospenda, K. M, "Chronicity of sexual harrassment and generalized workplace abuse: Effect on drinking outcomes" 95 (95): 1805-1820, 2000
• 93 Frone, M. R., "Are work stressors related to employee substance use? The importance of temporal context assessments of alcohol and illicit drug use" 93 (93): 199-206, 2008
• 94 Spector, P. E., "An emotion－centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior" 12 (12): 269-292, 2002
• 95 Seeman, M., "Alienation and alcohol: The role of work, mastery, and community in drinking behavior" 48 (48): 60-77, 1983
• 96 Zuskin, E., "Alcohol－Health Effects, Working Environment and Prevention" 14 (14): 117-131, 2006
• 97 McFarlin, S. K., "Alcohol use and workplace aggression: An examination of perpetration and victimization" 13 (13): 303-321, 2001
• 98 Marchand, A., "Alcohol use and misuse: What are the contributions of occupation and work organization conditions?" 8 : 333-, 2008
• 99 Bacharach, S. B., "Alcohol consumption and workplace absenteeism: The moderating effect of social support" 95 (95): 334-348, 2010
• 100 Blum, T. C., "Alcohol consumption and work performance" 54 (54): 61-70, 1993
• 101 Harris, M. M., "Alcohol and drug use in the workplace: Issues, controversies, and directions for future research" 18 (18): 239-266, 1992
• 102 Martin, J. K., "Alcohol Problem Intervention in the Workplace: Employee Assistance Programs and Strategic Alternatives" 45-65, 1990
• 103 Cheng, W. J., "Alcohol Dependence, Consumption of Alcoholic Energy Drinks and Associated Work Characteristics in the Taiwan Working Population" 47 (47): 372-379, 2012
• 104 Klatsky, A. L., "Alcohol Consumption Before Myocardial InfarctionResults from the Kaiser－Permanente Epidemiologic Study of Myocardial Infarction" 81 (81): 294-301, 1974
• 105 Robinson, S. L., "A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study" 38 (38): 555-572, 1995
• 106 Dalal, R. S., "A meta－analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior" 90 (90): 1241-1255, 2005
• 107 Armeli, S., "A daily process examination of the stress－response dampening effects of alcohol consumption" 17 (17): 266-276, 2003