형사처벌 대상자의 연령인하와 치유사법에 관한 고찰 = Study on the Age of Criminal Liability and Healing Justice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Today``s juvenile delinquency is being committed even by elementary school students. They had been viewed as victims of crimes but now they are the ones who commit violent crimes. Increasing crime rate and violence committed by young children became one of the serious issues in our society.50)51) Age for criminal liability has always been an issue in dealing with juvenile delinquency. Issue regarding criminal punishment for juvenile offenders is not something new but has been around for awhile. It has always been difficult to decide between protectivism and severe punishment policy but the recent ``catmom`` case brought it to the public``s attention. Severe punishment policy is to prevent crimes by lowering the age of criminal liability while protectivism is to seek the purpose of the juvenile law, keep young children from being viewed as criminals at young age and educate them for resocialization. It would be difficult to remove the criminal image once law-intruding juveniles are viewed as criminals at young age. And young students would be more likely to be reformed than adult criminals. In fact, rate of re-committing crimes among juvenile offenders who committed violence in schools and completed juvenile offender correction program was 6.1% and it was 11.0% if they did not complete the program, which shows the effect in preventing re-committing crimes. Majority of views on lowering the age suggest the age should be lowered by 1~2 years from current age limit of 14 or older. In some respect, severe punishment, rather than light one, is necessary to prevent re-committing crimes. However, most juvenile delinquency cases are caused by dysfunctional families, poor living environment and violent and lewd online and media contents. In other words, wrong choices are made not by students themselves but by their surroundings. Therefore this study agrees on lowering the age to some degree yet supports ``healing justice``, rather than severe punishment, in terms of correctional welfare for children of 12 or 13 who will be subjected to criminal liability once the age is lowered. Main purpose of ``healing justice`` is to educate those who committed juvenile delinquency, keep them from any criminal behavior and help them grow as valuable members of our society. Because they are also important part of our community.

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