민주주의관과 민주주의 붕괴: 바이마르 공화국의 붕괴에 대한 재고찰 = Ideas on Democracy and Backsliding of Democracy: Revisiting the Weimar Republic

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

By exploring the causes for the collapse of the Weimar Republic, this paper emphasizes that the ideas on democracy have significant impacts on the stability or backsliding of democracy. In contrast to the prevalent theories on the collapse of democracy, including the backwardness of socio-economic development, weak bourgeoisie or working class, and party organization’s weakness, this paper focuses on the key political parties’ ideas on democracy. This paper argues that the key political parties in the Weimar Republic had radical conceptions of popular will, such as immediate expression of popular will and the abstract conception of the nation; such ideas on democracy deterred the well-functioning of parliamentary democracy which resulted in the collapse of Weimar Republic.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 바이마르 공화국 붕괴의 원인에 대한 기존의 접근들―사회경제적 조건을 강조하는 근대화론, 계급투쟁과 계급연합이론 그리고 제도주의 접근들―에서 경시되어 왔던 주요 정치세력 들의 아이디어에 초점을 맞추어 분석한다. 특히 본 논문은 정치행위자인 정당들 생각하는 민주주의 관(ideas on democracy)가 어떻게 민주주의 발전에 문제를 유발했는지를 살펴본다. 본 연구는 사 회경제적 조건이나 위치 그리고 제도적 조건이 중요하지 않다는 것은 아니지만, 그것은 주요 행위 자들의 해석을 위한 재료의 역할로서 영향일 미칠 수 있을 뿐이라고 전제한다. 본 연구는, 바이마 르 공화국의 민주주의 체제가 헌법적 절차와 선출된 지도자에 의해서 무너진 이유는 당시 정치인 들과 대중들의 민주주의에 대한 사고(ideas on democracy)에서 찾는데, 특히 문제가 된 것은 사 민주의자들이든 자유주의자들이든 본질주의적 민주주의 정의에 기초하였기 때문이라는 것이다. 즉, 인민의지를 민족(the nation)의 정신과 그 이익이라고 보는 자유주의자들이든, 추상적인 프롤레타리 아트 계급이익이라고 전제하는 사회주의자들이든 모두 ‘인민의 의지가 다양하다는 현실’을 무시하 고, 다양한 견해들로 갈라진 인민의 의지를 형성할 의회의 심의 기능을 경시함으로써 민주주의 실 행과정에서 붕괴되었다고 주장한다.

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