论医疗诉讼中的专家辅助人制度 = The Expert Assistant System of Medical Litigation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A prominent problem in medical litigation is that the patient party cannot substantively confront the medical party by the effective exercise of litigation rights because of lack of professional knowledge. Not only that, but judges who are laymen also are helpless when faced with professional problems. In this regard, we cannot expect and should not expect trial judges to be all-around talents. To give full scope to the talents and turn material resources to good account, it is the best choice meeting the economic principle that people with relevant professional knowledge participate in litigation. Accordingly, article 79 of Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, which entered into force in 2015, formally established expert assistant system at the legislative level and article 122 and article 123 of the Supreme People's Court on the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, which came into force in 2015, do further provisions. However, we have to admit that at present Chinese legislation on the expert assistant system remains at the level of principle. In the judicial practice, parties and courts have raised many questions about how to operate the system. Therefore, we should improve the expert assistant system of Chinese medical litigation from four aspects: the qualification, the scope of application, the procedure of appearing in court and the position of litigation, in order to solve the judicial predicament and meet the requirements of practice. In terms of qualification, the overall policy should be looser; In the case of the scope of application, the expert assistant system should be expanded to apply for pre-trial evidence discovery and dispute arrangement procedures, identification procedure and pre-trial mediation procedure, not limited to trial procedure; In respect of procedure pf appearing in court, law should first restrict the cases that the court does not approve the expert assistant to participate in the medical litigation, and then stipulate that the expert assistant may issue written reasoning opinions on the professional problems besides oral statements in court; As for the position of litigation, the litigation status of expert assistant is defined as litigant participant, and the corresponding rights and obligations should be undertaken.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

在医疗诉讼中一个突出的问题是，患方当事人因为缺乏专业知识，无法通过有效地行使诉讼权利与医方当事人进行实质性的对抗。不仅如此，同样身为外行人的法官在面对专业问题时也束手无策。对此， 我们不能期待也不应期待审判法官是全能型人才，让具备相关专业知识的人参与到诉讼活动中来，才符合诉讼经济原则。据此，2013年生效的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第79条在立法层面正式确立专家辅助人制度，并在2015年生效的《最高人民法院关于适用＜关于中华人民共和国民事诉讼法＞的解释》中用第122条、第123条两个条款对专家辅助人制度进一步的规定。但不得不承认，目前中国对专家辅助人制度的立法仍停留在原则性规定的层面，在司法实践中，当事人及法院对该制度如何操作产生了许多疑问。因此，我们应当从专家辅助人的资格认定、适用范围、出庭程序、诉讼地位四个方面对中国医疗诉讼中的专家辅助人制度进行完善，以求解决司法困境，适应实践的要求。在资格认定方面，整体上应当采取较为宽松的政策；在适用范围方面，应当将专家辅助人制度扩大适用于庭审前的证据开示及争点整理程序、鉴定程序以及庭前调解程序，而不局限于庭审程序；在出庭程序方面，首先应限制法院不批准专家辅助人参与医疗诉讼的情形，其次规定专家辅助人除出庭作出口头陈述之外，还可以就专业问题出具书面推理意见。在诉讼地位方面，明确专家辅助人的诉讼地位为诉讼参加人，并应承担相应的权利义务。

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