경남의 농민후계자 육성사업 실태분석 = Analysis on Enforcement of Establishment in Farming for the Prospective Farmers in Gyeong-Nam Province

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The government has enforced a strong inducement to establishment in farming for the prospective farmers since 1981 to meet the shortage of them expected to be caused by economic development or by changes in economic structure. Accordingly, the present study review the current situations regarding establishment in farming for the prospective farmers in Gyeongnam province and seeks to explore improvement on training them.
Hence the study based on reports on the enforcement policy of the prospective farmers in Gyeongnam province the three years (from 1981 to 1983), the questionnaires put to a total of 133 prospective farmers, who was about a half of total numbers of prospective farmers selected in 1982, and several other related references. The main findings of the study were as follows;
1. Out of the prospective farmers, 69% failed on an age group of 26 to 30 years of age, 66% were schooled in high school and upward, 84.4% turned out to be the former Saemaull Young Farmer Association members, 84.6% had farming experience more than three years, and 66.2% were the married.
2. From a total of 744 prospective farmers, 55.9% were engaged in livestock, to subdivide, 47.2% were involved in korean native cattle breeding, 6.8% in milk cow breeding, 1.1% in swine breeding, 0.1% in chicken breeding, and 0.7% in goat breeding. Out of them 16.5% were engaged in vinyl-house horticulture, 12.8% in diversified farming, 8.1% in grain farming, 5.0% in fruit cultivating, and 0.5% in the other parts.
3. Funds per capita for the prospective farmers was 6,615 thousand won, and self-incidence turned out to be 2,083 thousand won by the end of 1983. Average income per farmer was estimated to be 2,268 thousand won in 1983, which showed an increase by 65.7% compared with that of 1,369 thousand won in 1981. And, out of the prospective farmers, 44.3% showed to regard themselves to have turned out well, 54.8% to maintain as it was, 0.9% to have meet with failure.
4. Out of the questioned prospective farmers, 52.6% answered its selection was too difficult, of which 61.4% considered the reason lay in heavy competition. Only 49.6% of them turned out to apply for it with a firm faith in rural development. 38.3% of them insisted that the married be given preference of its selection, and 45.9% were against it.
5. Out of them, 51.8% answered that advance of funds was unsatisfactory. As for the additional financing desired, 52% of them answered 1,000 thousand won was appropriate. Most of the questioned agreed that funding procedure got more expedient than before. But 13.5% of them took it still hard, of whom 88.9% considered it complicate and much time-consuming.
6. The prospective farmers supported that too persistent administrative management aimed mainly at the attainment of the planned policy target gave too much burdens to them. 54.9% of them complained that it was too strict to make even a slight change of the fixed plan. 65.4% of them made a complain that too many administrative stations had intervened their undertakings. On the other hams, 58.6% of them answered that they carried on the undertaking single-hand. Most of prospective farmers who wanted to changed their undertaking plans turned out to desired to conduct the diversified farming centered on livestock.
7. Out of the questioned, 66.2% answered that the post training for the prospective farmers should be centralized and carried out through the full-time extension workers. Many prospective farmers wanted to have training and education. Particularly, they regarded that the governmental made-up training and education was very instructive and helpful for technical improvement.
8. The training policy of the prospective farmers could be estimated to be successful considering 65.4% of the questioned regarded it successful and 27.85, as ever. Meanwhile, when asked to list what they wanted the government to do to support them, they insisted on having medical insurance, tuition subsidy for their children, exemption of reserve army training, and education of their children in urban area, in order. 59.2% of the questioned who was married answered that they couldnot marry yet due to the fact that young women were getting hesitant to marry to bacherlors in rural area.
On the whole, the majority of government-supported prospective farmers turned out to have kept successful establishment in farming with their income increasing.
However, for this training policy of the prospective farmers to make a continuous further development, following problems should be solved.
1. The present selection method for the prospective farmers should be improved for firmly-motivated farm settlers and to be conducted through some objective standards.
2. Funds for farming should be additionally made available if necessary, and proper extension of payment period should be selectively allowed by type of farming. Also, funding procedure should be simplified for easier access to the fund.
3. It is required that the procedure of changing undertaking plan be simplified and all the extension works be carried out through the full-time extension workers who are in charge of technical guide and managerial advice.
4. It is absolutely required to give them spiritual and technical education when selecting them. Also, it is important to enlarged the post training and education for them to make technical improvements.
5. It is most important to prepare environments for the policy to succeed by providing economic security such as price stability of farm products, improvement of farm marketing, and social securities such as medical insurance, and tuition subsidy for the prospective farmers' children, and so on.