위진남북조시대(魏晋南北朝時代) 공문서(公文書)의 서(署)名 방식 연구 -지목병용(紙木倂用) 시기(時期)의 서(署),성명(姓名),압(押)을 중심으로- = Research on the way of Signature in official documents in Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties -Based on Seo(署), Name(姓名) and Ap(押) when both paper and wooden materials were used in documents-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the forms and meanings of Signature(署名; Seo-myung) in official documents from third to sixth centuries focusing on the change of document materials from wood to paper. Strictly speaking, the concept of Seo(署) in wooden documents Jin and Han dynasties was not identical with that of Signature nowadays. That is not only because old record did not explain Seo as Signature, but also because the consistency of the concept of Signature was not found in documents of those days. Through the transition period from wooden documents to paper documents, however, Seo began to be widely used as a token for trust combined with First Name(名; Myung). Especially, Signature(署名; Seo-myung) also began to show a pattern of revealing social ranks with the change of tendency in Seo which combined with the shift of writing down a name with or without Given Name(姓; Seung) to express the order of rank. This pattern of Signature had been settled as a basic concept of official document system through Tang and Song dynasties. On the other hand, Ap was not the term that was commonly used from third to sixth centuries. There existed Hwa-rak(畵諾), similar concept with Ap, which showed different style of handwriting to represent an approval. Hwa-rak was a symbol representing approval and ratification of people who had the authority to approve. Hwa-rak was not closely related to Signature at the time. It, however, settled down in official document combined with Signature after Song dynasty as a complicated form of Given Name(姓)-First name(名)-Seo(署)-Ap(押) in showing rank of order. The form of Signature in transition period from wood to paper documents had been affected by materials from third to sixth centuries. The way of Signature which was clearly defined in Code of administrative law in Tang and Song dynasties had been completed throughout this transition period.