『민나 폰 바른헬름』의 희극적 조건 = The comic factors in Minna von Barnhelm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay has its aim in analysing "Minna von Barnhelm"by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, one of the authors representing the classical period of German literature, in order to get an answer to the question "What is a comedy?" Two characters are posed in the center of this analysis. Minna, after whom the comedy is titled, on one hand, and major Tellheim, the man Minna loves. Because of his strong and excessive pride, Tellheim cannot accept Minna's love. Minna starts a game with him to gain his love. This game forms an important conflict of this drama. During his dispute with Minna, Tellheim's mentality come out to be unnatural, exaggerated and formal. Unnaturalness, Exaggeration, Formality etc. are mentioned in Henri Bergsong's work "Le Rire, Essai sur la signification du comique" as the initial causes of the comic feature. At the same time, Bergsong claims that these characteristics needs to be corrected to achieve a natural and unspoilt way of life. The audience recognizes the comic effect only by dramatic characters and intellectual sympathy. This aspect represents Lessing's peculiarity. In his time, Lessing created completely a new type of comedy by implying a highly elegant language and dramatic structure. His comedy is neither the "Typenkomo¨die", criticizing human immorality and weakness, nor the "come＇die larmoyante", wrapped in tears. According to Lessing, true comedy strives for both, laughter and emotion: "Das Possenspiel will nur zum Lachen bewegen; das weinerliche Lustspiel will nur ru¨hren, die wahre Komo¨die will beides." For the understanding of his "Minna von Barnhelm," Lessing's point of view, in which he does not consider the audience to be interested in laughing only while watching a comedy, is an important condition. Thus, for the author, it is important that the audience recognizes Tellheim's ridiculous sides in order to see his improvement. Lessing tries to touch up Tellheim's comic behaviour, implying a character such as Minna. Minna's and Tellheim's opposite understandings (Vorstellung) of human beings form an important comic features in this work. What counts for Tellheim is the identity of being and appearance ("Identita¨t von Sein und Schein"). Minna questions this and realizes that there are some inevitable discrepancies in real life. The identity of being and appearance has to be understood differently in different periods, such as after and during war. Even if identity of honour (essence) and action (reputation) but essence (men's natural way of life) in times of peace. Tellheim does not want to accept this change. Minna tries to convince him not by annoyance but by laughter: "Kann man denn auch nicht lachend sehr ernst sein? Lachen erha¨lt uns vernu¨nftiger als der Verdruβ. Der Beweis liegt vor uns. Ihre lachende Freundin beurteilt Ihre Umsta¨nde weit richtiger als Sie selbst." At last, Tellheim's hardened mentality is touched up through Minna's laughter and love and thus, it comes to a comic end of the play.

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