공무원 채용시험 과목의 변화가 공공봉사동기에 미치는 영향: 이중차분법을 중심으로 = Impact of Changes in Public Officials Recruitment Test Subjects on Public Service Motivation: A Difference-in-Differences (DID) Approach

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2017년 인사혁신처는 5급 공개경쟁채용시험에서 국가관 및 공직관과 같은 공직 가치의 검증을 강화하기 위해 시험과목에 ‘헌법’을 추가하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 ‘헌법' 과목 도입이 5급 신규 공무원의 공공봉사동기(Public Service Motivation)에 미친 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 공공봉사동기는 한국행정연구원의 2013~2023년 설문조사 데이터를 사용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구는 인과추론의 엄밀성을 위해 준실험설계 기법인 이중차분법을 활용하였다. 5급 신규 공무원을 실험집단으로 구성하고 7급 신규 공무원을 비교집단으로 구성한 후, ‘헌법’ 과목 도입 전에 두 집단 간에 평행추세 가정이 성립함을 시각적 및 통계적으로 확인하였다. 최근 10여 년간 두 집단 모두에서 공공봉사동기 점수가 하락하는 추세를 보였지만, ‘헌법’ 과목 도입은 5급 신규 공무원의 공공봉사동기 점수를 0.127점 높인 것으로 나타났다. 공공봉사동기가 높은 사람이 선발되었다는 점에서 시험과목 개편의 목적을 달성했다고 할 수 있다. 공무원 시험 경쟁이 치열한 일부 국가에서는 공공봉사동기가 약한 사람을 채용하는 역선택 문제가 나타났으나, 우리나라에서는 그렇지 않았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 2017, the subject ‘Constitution' was added to the Open Competitive Examination for Grade 5 public officials to strengthen the assessment of public service values among applicants. This study examines the impact of this new subject on Public Service Motivation (PSM) among newly recruited Grade 5 public officials. Survey data spanning from 2013 to 2023 from the Korea Institute of Public Administration was utilized to measure PSM. The study employed the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method, a quasi-experimental design technique, to enhance causal inference. The treatment group consisted of new Grade 5 public officials, while the control group comprised new Grade 7 public officials. Visual and statistical tests confirmed the parallel trend assumption. Despite a decade-long decline in PSM scores for both groups, the introduction of the 'Constitution' subject resulted in a 0.127-point increase in PSM scores among new Grade 5 public officials. This suggests that the changes in examination subjects effectively achieved their intended objective by selecting individuals with high public service motivation. Unlike other countries with intense competition for public official positions, Korea did not experience adverse selection issues, where individuals with low PSM were recruited.

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