『사기』 오제본기와 그의 전거(『대대례기』 「제계성」, 『공자가어』 「오제덕」, 『춘추』, 『국어』, 『상서』) 사이의 비교분석 －천왕, 치우와 그의 신하 운사, 황제(1)－ = A Comparison Analysis between 五帝本紀 Annals of the Five Emperors and Their Source Materials or Five Books(the Annals of the Five Emperors, the Vertures of the Five Emperors(五帝德), Classic of History, Spring and Autumn Annals, and Guoyu) in 史記 Records of the

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name Shiji(Korean Sagi; simplified Chinese: 史記; traditional Chinese: 史記; pinyin: Shiji), written between 109 BC and 91 BC, was the magnum opus of Sima Qian. The 130 volumes (i.e. scrolls, now usually called chapters) of the text classify information into several categories: 12 volumes of Benji (本紀) or Imperial Biographies, etc. In general, this book is likely to be reliable. There were many scholars who doubted that Sima`s Records of the Grand Historian contained accurate information about such distant history as that of the thirty kings of the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-c. 1050 BC). The discovery of oracle bones at an excavation of the Shang Dynasty capital at Anyang (Yinxu) matched twenty-three of the thirty Shang kings that Sima listed. This remarkable archaeological finding proves that Sima Qian did have fairly reliable materials at his disposal-a fact which underlines once more the deep historical-mindedness of the Chinese. The first annal records are of the Five Emperors period. Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, is a half-historical, half-legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero presented in Chinese history and mythology. He is said to be the ancestor of all Huaxia Chinese. Why Sima Qian considered his sources about the Five Emperors reliable is a mystery, as many earlier works such as the Book of Rites and Songs of Chu contradict each other regarding this period. Sima Qian not only used archives and imperial records, but also interviewed people and traveled around China to verify information. In his first chapter, Annals of the Five Emperors, he writes, I went west as faras Mount Kong and Mount Dong [in Gansu], north as far as Zhuolu [in Hebei], east gradually to the sea, south to the Yangzi and the Huai. He wrote 五帝本紀 Annals of the Five Emperors in Records of the Grand Historian by use of fives our cematerial books, not only the Annals of the Five Emperors(五帝系諜) (in Dae Dae`s Classic of Rites) and the Virtues of the Five Emperors(五帝德) (in Gongjagaeo 孔子家語), but also Classic of History (simplified Chinese: 書經; traditional Chinese: 書經; pinyin: Shujing; Wade-Giles: Shu-ching), Spring and Autumn Annals, (traditional Chinese: 春秋; Chunqiu 春秋), and Guoyu(Guoyu; simplified Chinese: 國語; traditional Chinese: 國語). I compare 五帝本紀 Annals of the Five Emperors to their five source material books. They have almost the same contents, except in two cases. First, in 五帝本紀 Annals of the Five Emperors, Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, killed Chi You. Second, also in 五帝本紀 Annals of the Five Emperors, Huang Di or the Yellow Emperor`s country is called the country of being bear (有熊). These records are the only evidence for modern Chinese historians of the ancient civilization founder, Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, of Liao River (simplified Chinese: 遼河; traditional Chinese: 遼河; pinyin: Liao he) in southern Manchuria. I have my own opinion about these records. In the text SamgukYusa (from GoGi), King Hwanung, the Lord of Heaven, is the King Great man in the world, and has three major followers: the master of winds, the master of rain, and the master of clouds. In SanHaeGyeong (Korean: 산해경; SanHaeGyeong; simplified Chinese: 山海經; traditional Chinese: 山海經; pinyin: ShanhaiJing; Wade-Giles: ShanHaiChing; literally Collection of the Mountains and Seas), Chi You can control his followers, the master of winds and the master of rain. In chun-qiu-zuo-zhuan春秋左傳(http://ctext.org/chun-qiu-zuo-zhuan/zhao-gong-shi-qi-nian; Spring and Autumn Annals, traditional Chinese: 春秋; Chunqiu 春秋), and even in Annals of the Five Emperors(in Records of the Grand Historian), Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, is the master of clouds. I have come to the conclusion that Chi You is King Hwanung, the Lord of Heaven, and Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, is one of Chi You`s followers, the master of clouds. Also, at the ancient civilization of Liao River (simplified Chinese: 遼河; traditional Chinese: 遼河; pinyin: Liao he) in southern Manchuria, we found a statue of the goddess with a bear totem and bird totem. Although Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, are from a group of daughters of the bear totem [HwandanGoGi: 4-4-7], he did not establish the ancient civilization of Liao River. In SamgukYusa (from GoGi), the statue of the goddess with a bear totem is from the bear-woman, or a group of daughters of the bear totem, and in HwandanGoGi: 4-4-7, Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, is from a small group of her descendants. Koreans believe the ancient civilization founder of Liao River(simplified Chinese: 遼河; traditional Chinese: 遼河; pinyin: Liao he), in southern Manchuria, to be an ancient Korean, and they have records to support this.

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