Diversity of forest flies and their responses to environmental changes in eastern Inner Mongolia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Through meticulous specimen classification and collation, a total of 41,912 flies, belonging to 42 families, was collected. The α-diversity analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across diverse regions and habitats. Specifically, fly diversity in the semi-humid zone was higher than that in the semi-arid zone. Moreover, the taiga-hardwood mixed forest and plantation forest exhibited relatively high levels of α-diversity. In the context of β-diversity, the heterogeneity among different regions was at a medium level, jointly determined by βsim and βsne, with βsim playing a dominant role. Conversely, the β-diversity among different habitats shows a relatively high degree of similarity, with no distinct heterogeneity. Results from the redundancy analysis (RDA) and generalized additive model (GAM) indicated that climate and soil factors had a high explanatory power for fly diversity. Potential evapotranspiration, soil total nitrogen, and total potassium emerged as critical factors influencing fly diversity, soil porosity was the decisive factor, while the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) demonstrated varying effects in different models. Overall, fly diversity in the forests of eastern Inner Mongolia was at a relatively high level. Multiple environmental factors had thresholds in their impacts on flies, and these impacts varied across different environments.