일제 강점기 한국 기독교와 국제교류

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 일제강점기 한국기독교의 국제교류활동을 조명한다. 전간기의 서구신학계는 태평양문제연구회, 예루살렘선교대회, 평신도해외선교조 사위원회의 중심인물인 플레밍-록펠러-호킹의 현대주의 신학사상이 한국기독교인에게 수평적인 국제교류의 장을 제공했다. 전후의 참화를 극복하고 새로운 세계질서 수립을 겨냥한 이들은 기독교 평등사상 및 기독교세계주의에 주목하였고, 사회진화론에 근거한 서구우월의식을 지양하고, 세계 각 민족과의 우호협력 및 현지인 주도성의 필요성을 강조하여, 한국기독교인들에게 일본인과 구별된 독자적 국제문화교류를 경험할 장을 마련하였다. 문화교류라는 맥락에서 제공된 한국인의 지식과 정보는 아시아학의 태동기에 기초자료를 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 태평양 전쟁기 및 전후 한국문제의 이해를 위한 정치외교적 함의를 지닌 정보로 사용되었고, 영미계의 대한정책수립에 참고자료를 제공하였다. 이러한 문헌 증거는 일제강점기가 국가 차원에서의 외교기관 부재라는 전이해에 따라 민족의 독립투쟁에 집중되 어온 기존의 역사연구를 보완한다. 서구열강은 한민족의 대외활동을 일본의 내정이라는 차원으로 인식하였기에 한민족이 고투하는 자주적 해외독 립투쟁에 집중된 기존연구를 보완하는 본 연구는 자주적인 해외독립투쟁에 집중된 연구를 보완하는 본 논문은 서구기독교인들과 한국기독교인의 협력적 관계를 조명한다는 측면에서 미개척분야라 할 수 있다. 외교를 국가대표기구의 공식적 회견이라는 관점보다 민간인의 국제교류를 통한 민간공공외교라는 관점에서 자료발굴과 해석을 시도함에 외교사와 기독교사가 교차하는 영역에 집중하므로 학제융합적 접근방법을 사용한다. 19세기 후반에서 20세기 초 국권상실에 이르기까지의 형성된 한민족의 대미관계 및 해외한인의 독립활동에 집중한 기존연구를 보완하는 본 논문은 제국주의의 감시와 억압을 뚫고 민족의 세계적 활로를 제공한 기독교평등주의와 기독교세계주의를 검토하며 세계기독교대회에서 면면히 지속되어 온 한인의 국제교류활동상을 조명하여 한국외교사의 공백기를 채운다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay examines the intersection of Christianity and civic diplomacy under the constraints of colonial Korea. To identify Korean Christian engagement in international relations, this research investigates the interwar experiments of Christian internationalism, focusing on the Institute of the Pacific Relations, the Jerusalem World Missionary Conference, and the Commission on Appraisal of the Laymen’s Foreign Missions Inquiry, all of which operated as nodes of international cultural exchanges. The post-war period of the 1920s, in an effort to overcome the malaise of the First World War and rebuild a new world order, was marked by the emergence of modernist theology which promoted Christian egalitarianism over against paternalism among diverse nations, practicality of partnership between the West and East, and Christian internationalism against parochialism. Among such Christian scholars and statesmen as Daniel Johnson Fleming, William Earnest Hocking, and John D. Rockefeller, the vision for the new world order created a cultural idiosyncrasy, alternately a space of diplomacy, in which Koreans under the colonial jurisdiction and surveillance propounded Korean aspirations for self-government and the national capacity of independence. Through the cultural exchanges, Korean Christians debunked the Japanese government’s reports of the modern governance, unveiled the concomitant plight of Korean farmers, and asserted Koreans’ potency to unify both the progressives and the conservatives. Korean Christians appropriated the theological liberalism experimented in the U. S. and took initiative in endeavors of cultural reconstruction and self-government. More importantly, Korean Christian participation in international exchanges in the 1920s imparted the foundational knowledge for Asian studies in its embryonic stage and steered the interpretative direction of Korean information so as to influence shaping and understanding Korean issues during the Pacific War. The repository of Asian studies built through the cultural exchanges in the 1920s functioned as information agency for the American foreign policy in preparation for Korean liberation, underscoring the political effect of the civic diplomacy rendered through Christian channels.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• 1. 1920년대의 국제교류활동
• 2. 플레밍의 기독교 자유평등주의
• 3. 록펠러의 기독교 실천주의
• 4. 1928년 예루살렘세계선교대회
• 5. 1930년대의 민간교류와 평신도해외선교조사
• 6. 1940년대의 국제교류
• Ⅱ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract
• 국문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

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