Adaptive Approach to Water Resources Management in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한국의 수자원 관리에 있어서 현재 직면하고 있는 문제는 기후변화로 인해 야기될 ‘불확실성(Uncertainty)’과 1980년대 이후 정치 · 사회 · 경제 분야의 급속한 변화에 따른 ‘복잡성(Complexity)’이다. 이러한 불확실성과 복잡성의 문제 해결을 위해서는 현재의 경직되고 중앙 집중적인 수자원 관리 시스템에서 보다는 유연하게 대처하고 변화에 적응할 수 있고 분산된 수자원 관리 방식으로의 전환이 필요하다. 이는 수자원관리 및 물정책에 있어서 지금까지의 하향식 체계에서 벗어나 보다 많은 참여와 학습을 통한 관리 방식으로의 패러다임 전환을 의미한다. 사회학습과 참여에 의한 적응형 관리 방식으로의 전환은 다양한 이해관계자의 적극적인 참여와 더불어 과거의 경험에 따른 학습효과를 통해 관리방식을 보다 능동적으로 변화시킨다는 것을 의미한다. 특히 한국의 수자원 관리에 있어서 이러한 변화의 목적은 다양한 규모의 하천유역 관리에 있어서 변화에 따른 적응력(Adaptive Capacity)을 증대시키는 것이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 적응형 수자원 관리가 한국과 같은 중앙 집중적인 수자원 관리 체계에서 기후변화로 인한 불확실성에 어떻게 대처할 수 있는지를 살펴보고, 더불어 다각적인 의사결정 과정과 구조적 변화가 과거로부터의 학습과 다양한 관점을 수용할 때, 지속가능한 하천유역 관리를 실현할 수 있음을 보여준다. 결론적으로 한국의 수자원 관리 경험을 고려해 볼 때, 적응형 접근방식은 한국의 수자원 관리에 적절하게 융합될 수 있으며, 이러한 적응형 방식은 한국 수자원 관리 시스템에 내재하고 있는 외부적 불확실성과 내부적 불가변성을 해소할 뿐만 아니라 새로운 변화에 대한 대처방안 될 수 있다. 더 나아가 적응형 수자원 관리 방식은 통해 한국과 유사한 수자원 관리 문제를 가지고 있는 개발 도상국가의 수자원 관리 분야에 있어서 사회 · 정치적 형평성과 환경적 지속가능성을 실현시키는데 바람직한 접근방식이라 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, water resources management is facing diverse water issues due to ‘uncertainty’ led by climate change and has been suffered from ‘complexity’ by rapid change of socioeconomic boundary conditions since the 1980s. More attention has to be focused on understanding and managing a shift from the centralized water management systems to more adaptive and decentralized management. This refers to a paradigm shift in water resources management / water policy from a command-and-control to a management as learning and participatory approach. The change towards adaptive management via social learning and participation could be described as “learning to manage by managing to learn, with active participation”. Such change aims to improve the adaptive capacity of river basins at different scales. This paper explores whether the adaptive water resources management can cope with uncertainty from climate change in the centralized water management of Korea. Also, we contend that multiple processes and structural changes can sustain the capacity of different authorities, experts, stakeholders, and the public to better manage river basins by embracing different perspectives and learning from past experiences. We conclude that an adaptive approach may be occurring, and Korea’s experience shows that such adaptive management can be an alternative to lead a new reform as well as to solve external uncertainty and internal inflexibility in Korea’s water management system. Also, it can be seen as a desirable approach to realize social·political equity and environmental sustainability for other developing countries with the similar water management issues.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Theory : Adaptive Management, Social Learning, and Participation
• Ⅲ. Overview of Water Resources Management in Korea
• Ⅳ. Adaptive Management for Korean Water Management System
• Ⅴ. Implications and Conclusion
• ≤References≥
• Abstract

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