畿湖學派의 心性論 = The Theory of Human Nature of the Kiho School

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Kiho School originated by Lee Yulkok,（李栗谷） whose theory is based on the Theory of Oneness of Li Qurriding Ch'i（氣發理一途說）, thus oppoes to the Theory of Mutual Happening of Principle and Energy propounded by Lee Toegae（李退溪）, Consequently, in the theory of human nature, Yulkok, based upon the principle that mind indicatis ch'i and human nature is li（心是氣性則理）. classifies human nature into moral nature（本然之性） and disposition（氣質之性）. However, by pursuing disposition enclosed in li inherent in ch'i, moral nature is absorbed in disposition. This is the theory nomed Disposition Enclosing Inherent Moral Nature（氣質之性包本然之性）. Thus, in the matter of feeling as the beginning of temperament, Yolkok discriminates four beginnings（四端） and seven feelings（七情）. In his case, therefore, four beginnings are absorbed in seven feelings. Thus, in his case again, feeling becomes seven feelings enclosing four beginnings, and seven feelings exist in both good and evil, and four beginnings in pure goodness; in consequence, the four beginnings point to goodness alone enclose in the seven feelings. On the other hand, Toegae maintains the theory of Multual Eruption of Li and Ch'i; consequently, reason originates in four beginnings and seven feelings in ch'i.
Thus his theory becomes four-Seven Li-Ch'i Multual Eruption（四七理氣互發說）. On the other hand in the case of Yulkok, since ch'i erupts, with li overriding ch'i, ch'i is the only one originating in eruption, and li simply rides over ch'i as a principle inherent in ch'i origin.
Therefore, the conceptual differences concerning four beginnings and seven feelings occur between Toegae and Yulkok. The former holds that four beginnings is pure goodness as the origin of li, and seven feelings points to existence of both and good and evil as the origin of ch'i whereas the latter holds that seven feelings are the sum total of feelings, and four beginnings only point to that part of goodness included in seven feelings. The idea of seven feelings embrasing four beginnings corresponds to his theory of disposition holding moral nature.
To put this in modern terms, Yulkok's seven feelings means the combination of reason and sensibility, but Toegae's four beginnings implies reason and his seven feelings implies sensitivity. And Yulkok's philosophical structure, standing on the fundamental stance of the theory that “li embraces and penetrates all but ch'i is limited”（理通氣局說） serves as the source of Ho-rak disputes among the later scholars.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 緖說
• Ⅰ. 李栗谷의 心性論
• 1. 心性情意一路說
• 2. 四端七情論
• 3. 本然之性과 氣質之性의 관계